{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O71043"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O71043/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM1911/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM1911/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM1911","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EU2165","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O71043","accessionNumber":"CIRC.903-1967","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"...and the stars of the heaven fell unto the earth","type":""},{"title":"...e le stelle del cielo caddero sulla terra","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1976) was an Italian artist who forged a style of working known as 'Metaphysical'  between about 1911 and 1917, which greatly influenced the Surrealists. It was almost certainly the feeling of impending doom during the Second World War (1939-1945) that drew de Chirico to illustrate the Apocalypse. He may have felt particularly threatened because his wife, Isabella, was Jewish. He may also have been attracted by the fantastical aspect of the Revelations of St John the Divine in the Bible (this image is from Revelations 6:13). De Chirico was also very interested in the work of great artists of the past, and would have been familiar with many earlier Apocalypse illustrations, particularly those by the Renaissance German artist Albrecht Dürer. Parallels can be drawn between Dürer's illustrations and de Chirico's for many of the plates, although this particular illustration has an uncharacteristic nursery book feel to it.","physicalDescription":"Print and pastel crayon on paper. Representing a scene from the Apocalypse with the caption (translated) '...and the stars from Heaven fell to the Earth.' Surrealist take on the scene, shows figures walked across a beach with the sky, moon, sun, and stars all looking as though part of a set design. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"de Chirico, Giorgio","id":"A6754"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Fornasetti, Piero","id":"A6736"},"association":{"text":"printer","id":"x30811"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Edizioni della Chimera","id":"A6756"},"association":{"text":"publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"lithographic ink","id":"AAT187750"},{"text":"pastel","id":"x32662"}],"techniques":[{"text":"lithography","id":"AAT53271"},{"text":"pastel drawing","id":"x35354"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lithograph on paper, hand coloured with pastels","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Surrealism","id":"THES285500"}],"styles":[{"text":"Surrealist","id":"AAT21512"},{"text":"Metaphysicist","id":"x35358"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2006AM1911","2011EU2165"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"MP","shelf":"10","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Italy","id":"x28927"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1941","earliest":"1941-01-01","latest":"1941-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"30.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"printed surface (irregular)","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"21.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"printed surface (irregular)","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"34.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"27","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"G de Chirico ....e le stelle del cielo caddero sulla terra.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"Italian","medium":"","method":"pencil (signature) and printed (title)","position":"","script":"","translation":"G de Chirico...and the stars of heaven fell unto the earth","transliteration":"","type":"Signature and title","note":"Signature and title; Italian; pencil (signature) and printed (title)"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Hand coloured lithograph by Giorgio de Chirico, entitled '...e le stelle dal cielo caddero sulla terra', from the series 'L'Apocalisse'","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Antonio Vastano:  Giorgio de Chirico: Catalogo dell'opera grafica 1921-1969. Edizioni Bora, Bologna, 1966 (cat. no. 111a. illus. p.165)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Timmers, Margaret (ed), <i>Impressions of the Twentieth Century: Fine Art Prints from the V&A's Collection</i>, London, V&A Publications, 2001"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Taken from Departmental Circulation Register 1967"}],"production":"Attribution note: the hand colouring was carried out under the direction of the artist","productionType":{"text":"Limited edition","id":"THES48862"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Apocalypse","id":"x35356"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":["the Bible"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["CIRC.903-1967"],"accessionNumberNum":"903","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1967,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"Plate 8 from the suite of 20 illustrations to L'Apocaliss (The Apocalypse)","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2002-11-28","availableToBook":false}}