{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O70734"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O70734/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD6499/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD6499/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GD6499","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4480","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AN0485","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019ME7159","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KY8389","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O70734/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O70734","accessionNumber":"IS.10-1957","objectType":"Painting","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This drawing done in ink on paper is lightly painted in body colour and dates to c. 1830-40. It depicts a Sikh sardar, a title originally meaning \"chieftain\", or \"headman\" in Persian,  but which came to be used routinely for Sikh men. It was probably done in Lahore or Amritsar, the major cities of the Sikh kingdom established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1801 and which survived until the Panjab was annexed to the British empire in 1849. The Panjab (literally \"Five Rivers\") was later divided into two following the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, and is still partly in Pakistan and partly in India. The Sikh court attracted artists from the independent kingdoms of the Panjab Hills who worked for new patrons, who might be Sikh, Hindu or Muslim, or even Europeans in the service of the Maharaja.","physicalDescription":"Painted in opaque watercolour on paper, a Sikh <i>sardar</i> (nobleman). The subject faces right, wearing a white turban, green trousers and red Kashmir shawl.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Sikhism","id":"THES48894"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GD6499","2006AH4480","2006AN0485","2019ME7159","2018KY8389"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES403771"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Lahore","id":"x30874"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"},{"place":{"text":"Amritsar","id":"x31116"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"},{"place":{"text":"Punjab Plain","id":"x35287"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1835 - ca. 1845","earliest":"1830-01-01","latest":"1849-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"125","unit":"mm","qualifier":"maximum","date":{"text":"27/07/2013","earliest":"2013-07-27","latest":"2013-07-27"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"137","unit":"mm","qualifier":"maximum","date":{"text":"27/07/2013","earliest":"2013-07-27","latest":"2013-07-27"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"162","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"27/07/2013","earliest":"2013-07-27","latest":"2013-07-27"},"part":"paper onto which object mounted","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"178","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"27/07/2013","earliest":"2013-07-27","latest":"2013-07-27"},"part":"paper onto which object mounted","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"27/07/2013 dimensions measured as part of Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project 2013; object irregular in shape","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, Sikh <i>sardar</i>, opaque watercolour on paper, Punjab Plains, possibly Lahore or Amritsar, ca. 1835-1845","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Paintings of the Sikhs / W.G. Archer. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1966","id":"AUTH337325"},"details":"cat. 35, pp. 161-162; fig. 82.","free":""}],"production":"Sikh","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"A Sikh <i>sardar</i> (nobleman).","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"noble","id":"AAT236022"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.10-1957"],"accessionNumberNum":"10","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1957,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-24","recordCreationDate":"2002-11-25","availableToBook":true}}