{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O68793"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O68793/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD5568/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GD5568/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GD5568","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MC9820","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O68793/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O68793","accessionNumber":"IS.54-1962","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Kali, Durga, Chanda and Munda","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Painting, in opaque watercolour and gold on paper, Kali attacks in the battle scene from one of the ancient <i>Puranas</i>, the <i>Markandeya</i> (<i>Devimahatmya</i>), the story of the goddess Durga's battle and defeat of the buffalo-demon Mahisa. A long war takes place between the gods led by Indra and the antigods, riding a lion Durga goes to defeat the armies of the antigods. Kali attacks the demons Chanda and Munda, and presents their heads to Chandi (Durga). Album painting, representing the terrible Goddess Kali triumphant on the battlefield, Rajasthan, Kangra style, 18th century.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Hinduism","id":"THES48941"},{"text":"Myths & Legends","id":"THES49005"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Guler","id":"AAT19007"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GD5568","2019MC9820"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES403755"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Guler","id":"x32750"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1800 - ca. 1820","earliest":"1795-01-01","latest":"1824-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"260","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"26/06/2013","earliest":"2013-06-26","latest":"2013-06-26"},"part":"page","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"318","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"26/06/2013","earliest":"2013-06-26","latest":"2013-06-26"},"part":"page","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"178","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"26/06/2013","earliest":"2013-06-26","latest":"2013-06-26"},"part":"image within innermost painted borders","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"235","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"26/06/2013","earliest":"2013-06-26","latest":"2013-06-26"},"part":"image within innermost painted borders","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"26/06/2013 dimensions measured as part of Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project 2013","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Rawson, Philip S., Hayward Gallery and Arts Council of Great Britain. <u>Tantra. Hayward Gallery, London 30 September-7 November 1971. London, Arts Council of Great Britain, [1971]. p. 46, no. 197.</u>\r\n\nehejia, Vidya (ed.) Devi: <u>The Great Goddess: Female Divinity in South Asian Art. Washington : Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution,1999. ISBN 8185822638/3791321293, p. 238-9, cat. 15\r\n</u>","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, Kali slaying the demons Chanda and Munda, <i>Markandeya Purana</i>, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, Guler, ca. 1800-1820","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Indian paintings from the Punjab Hills : a survey and history of Pahari miniature painting / by W. G. Archer ; foreword by Sherman E. Lee. London :Delhi: Sotheby Parke Bernet ;Oxford University Press, 1973 Number: 0856670022","id":"AUTH338527"},"details":"p.164, cat. no. 61ii.","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"Kali attacks the demons Chanda and Munda, and presents their heads to Chandi (Durga).","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Kali","id":"N758"},{"text":"Durga","id":"N741"},{"text":"Chanda","id":"N743"},{"text":"Munda","id":"N744"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"deities","id":"x31373"},{"text":"battle","id":"AAT185692"},{"text":"demons","id":"x35488"},{"text":"heads","id":"x37855"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"KALI ATTACKS\r\nIllustration of a scene from the Devi Mahatmya\r\nOpaque watercolour and gold on paper\r\nGuler, Punjab Hills\r\nc.1800-1820\r\n\r\nIS 54-1962\r\n\r\nThe ferocious goddess Kali is killing the demon generals Chanda and Munda.  To the left she is seen presenting their heads to the goddess Durga, whose lion is also shown springing on the demon horde.  Both Kali and Durga are forms of the great goddess Devi, and Kali was given the name Chamundi in honour of this victory.\r\nThe Devi Mahatmya is a text concerned with the worship of the goddess or Devi, whose cult was widespread in the Punjab Hills.","date":{"text":"2000","earliest":"2000-01-01","latest":"2000-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.54-1962"],"accessionNumberNum":"54","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1962,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2002-10-28","availableToBook":true}}