{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O68111"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O68111/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK1832/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK1832/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AK1832","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O68111/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O68111","accessionNumber":"M.327-1940","objectType":"Taper stick","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"A taperstick is a type of utensil similar to and usually in the style of various types of candlestick but smaller being about 10 cm high and is used to hold a taper (a thin candle).  They usually exist singly and not as one of a pair since one is usually sufficient for the intended use.  The socket is sometimes lined with paper in order to hold securely the tall thin taper.  The taper, (made of wax and non odorous) was used mainly for melting sealing wax and for lighting candles, tobacco pipes etc., and not as a source of illumination; hence the piece was sometimes called a ‘tobacco candlestick’.\r\n\r\nSheffield plate originated with the discovery in 1742 by a working cutler of Sheffield, Thomas Boulsover (1704-88), that bars of silver and copper, in unequal proportions, fused by heating under pressure, could be rolled into sheets of laminated metal and worked like silver.  The industry this material created, flourished for approximately one hundred years until superseded by electroplating in the 1840s.\r\n\r\nThe process Joseph Hancock (1711-1790) developed for the large-scale production of  fused plate (Sheffield plate) differed little throughout the course of the industry.  An ingot of copper was covered with a thin sheet of sterling silver.  These ingots were approximately 1½ to 1¾ inches thick and 2½ inches wide by 8 inches long.  This could vary according to the weight and size of the plated sheet that was required to be made.  Generally speaking however, the thickness of the silver sheet was 1/40 that of the copper block which meant that 10-12 oz of silver was used for every 8 lbs of copper.\r\n\r\nAfter about 1760, it became the practice to plate two sides of the copper ingot so that the resulting sheet was plated with silver on both sides.  In 1830, Samuel Roberts (1763-1849) patented a variation (no. 5963), July 1830) whereby a sheet of German silver, an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel, was inserted between the silver and the copper block.  This produced a laminate of far greater durability.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"plating","id":"AAT53991"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006AK1832"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"008","id":"THES412552"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"008","id":"THES412552"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"008","id":"THES412552"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Taper stick","id":""}],[{"text":"Extinguisher","id":""}],[{"text":"Drip tray","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Sheffield","id":"x29138"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Arthur Hurst Bequest","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Taper stick, Sheffield plate, ca. 1830","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.327-1940","M.327PART/1-1940","M.327PART/2-1940"],"accessionNumberNum":"327","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1940,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Taper stick","Extinguisher","Drip tray"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-08","recordCreationDate":"2002-09-30","availableToBook":true}}