{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O669149"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O669149/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JK2447/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JK2447/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JK2447","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O669149/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O669149","accessionNumber":"14561","objectType":"Watercolour","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This watercolour, made by an unknown artist from the Philippines, is among the earliest objects to enter the V&A’s collection. One of eight by the same hand, the works directly correspond to another set (528 to 535), which were made at a similar time.\r\n\r\nThe artworks relate to a genre called<i> tipos del país</i> (‘types of the country’), popularised in nineteenth-century Manila. These small watercolours, depicting local people in ‘typical’ dress, were fashionable souvenirs for foreign traders in the latter part of the Spanish colonial period (1565–1898). Conventionally painted on white paper, this example reveals an unusual technique, with vivid colours on a prepared red ground.\r\n\r\n<i>Tipos del país</i> were often lettered with titles that flattened subjects into reductive socio-ethnic categories. The Tagalog language captions here are untypical, offering a distinctive counterpoint. In lines of rhyming verse, they add a playful tone and more nuanced, often humorous, layer of personality. Some words are transliterated using Spanish spellings, which, along with the mixing of native and European fashions, exposes legacies of Empire in the form and fabric of these objects. The works evidence Manila as a cosmopolitan Southeast Asian capital – and a complex fusion of East and West – in the 1800s, as it is today. ","physicalDescription":"Watercolour with ink on a prepared red ground, depicting a woman in profile to the left, seated on the floor over a low worktable. The red square sheet has been collaged at a diagonal onto a white backing sheet. The image has sections blocked in white, with details in black linework and black and yellow stippling, and some parts coloured in yellow and blue. The woman depicted raises a hammer in one hand, about to strike a large nail held in the other. On the table are various tools for working her trade and a steaming kettle on a white plate. The woman is light-skinned and has black hair, which is tied back in a bun and adorned with a yellow <i>payneta</i>. She wears a long, plaid-patterned skirt<i> (saya) </i>in yellow and red, a long-sleeved blouse<i> (baro)</i> with red and white stripes, and a shoulder cloth or shawl – possibly an <i>alampay</i> – which is white with a blue border stripe. Underneath the image is a white caption block; on this are five lines of verse lettered in black, written in a Filipino language. At the top of the red sheet is a marking which reads, ‘F/ 3’.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"watercolour (paint)","id":"AAT15045"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"lead white","id":"AAT13754"}],"techniques":[{"text":"watercolour painting (technique)","id":"THES250889"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[{"text":"Illustration","id":"THES48938"},{"text":"Costumes","id":"THES269529"},{"text":"Figures","id":"THES274372"},{"text":"Watercolours","id":"THES277714"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2016JK2447"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"O","shelf":"7","box":"D"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}],[{"text":"drawing","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Manila","id":"x35066"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Philippines","id":"x30022"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. mid to late 1800s","earliest":"1850-01-01","latest":"1899-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Corresponding watercolours (528 to 535) were made between 1835-1852. This set is likely to have been made at a similar time, possibly slightly later."}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"531","id":"O506706"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"22.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"13/05/2025","earliest":"2025-05-13","latest":"2025-05-13"},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"22.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"13/05/2025","earliest":"2025-05-13","latest":"2025-05-13"},"part":"Sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Ytong ama ay di mayayari /\r\nbaquit apuradoang may ari /\r\nisosoot dao sa tadlong hari, /\r\npaanong ito ay madadali /\r\nay culang sia nang salapi.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"This piece will be undone /\r\nwhy is the owner in a hurry? /\r\nhe will use it on Three Kings' Day /\r\nhow to speed up the work? /\r\nhis money is not enough.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"The caption seems to be mainly in Tagalog, with some ‘Hispanic’ words or spellings from a transliteration using the Spanish alphabet. This is a loose translation and not verbatim."},{"content":"'F / 3'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Markings at the top of the red sheet; the ‘F' at the top, with the ‘3’ directly beneath this, separated by a short line."}],"objectHistory":"One of eight watercolours (14558 to 14565) collectively titled 'Manilla' [sic] in the accessions register, and described as a 'series of eight figures illustrating trades etc'. These watercolours directly correspond to another set, also in the collection (528 to 535), which are titled 'Costume of Manilla' [sic] and described as 'a series of eight coloured drawings by a native artist (?)' in the register. The earlier accessioned series is housed with a note indicating that they were formerly in the Marlborough House collection.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Watercolour depicting a woman working, watercolour and ink on red ground, probably Manila, Philippines, c. mid to late 1800s","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Juan, C. ‘Everyday Satire: A Newly Found Tipos del País from 19th-Century Manila’ [online], in <i>Mapping Philippine Material Culture</i>, Philippine Studies at SOAS, University of London, 2025.","id":"AUTH411471"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["14561"],"accessionNumberNum":"14561","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-15","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}