{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O66819"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O66819/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ7415/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AJ7415/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AJ7415","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AJ7868","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O66819/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O66819","accessionNumber":"C.417:1-1915","objectType":"Stained glass","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This fragment of painted glass displays a painting of a red and white carnation. Many botanical treatises were being published in the 17th century in the Netherlands as interest in the natural world and its classification increased. Catalogues of floral species were known as 'florilegia'. This interest was stimulated by increased long-distance trade and exploration. Scientists often travelled with merchants and explorers and brought back species of hitherto unknown plant life. Artists in all media, including stained glass, would copy images from these florilegia.\r\n\r\nIn the middle of the sixteenth century, new techniques for producing decorated glass were introduced. Glass paints known as 'enamels' were used to paint directly onto the glass; similar to painting onto a canvas. The colours were produced by adding metallic oxides to a glass frit mixture and the resulting colour range included delicate greens and  reds as you see here.","physicalDescription":"Fragment of clear glass depicting a carnation on a stalk and a fly, painted in brown/black pigment and enamels.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Stained glass: Glass painted in pigment and enamels","categories":[{"text":"Stained Glass","id":"THES48891"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AJ7415","2006AJ7868"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"021","id":"THES316712"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Fragment, stained glass","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Netherlands","id":"x29020"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1600-1699","earliest":"1600-01-01","latest":"1699-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr. Grosvenor Thomas","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"58.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"unframed composite panel"},{"dimension":"Width","value":"41.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Formerly in the collection of Grosvenor Thomas, the stained glass collector and dealer. The current selection and arrangement of fragments in this panel was done subsequent to their arrival in the Museum's collections.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Fragment of clear glass painted in enamels and brown black pigment, depicting a red carnation on a stalk. Netherlands, 17th century","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"flower","id":"x40617"},{"text":"carnation","id":"x30499"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.417:1-1915"],"accessionNumberNum":"417","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1915,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-25","recordCreationDate":"2002-07-31","availableToBook":true}}