{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O6660"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O6660/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM3529/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM3529/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM3529","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL6521","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O6660/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O6660","accessionNumber":"CIRC.357-1965","objectType":"Paperweight","titles":[{"title":"Lion after Landseer","type":"manufacturer's title"}],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>Sculptural paperweights were typical novelty items. Cheaply made, in pressed glass, they were widely available.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The technique of press-moulding glass with the aid of a hand-operated machine was first perfected in the United States of America in the early 1820s. It took only two people to shape a measured quantity of hot glass in a heated metal mould. By simply  depressing a lever, a metal plunger was lowered into the glass, forcing it into the patterned mould. By the 1830s this method had spread to Europe and Britain, giving rise to stylistic changes and revolutionising the availability of glassware. The technique made the mid- to late 19th century the first period of true mass production. In the 1890s the introduction of steam-powered presses improved quality while cutting costs even further.<br><br><b>People</b><br>After a joint venture with his two brothers, John Derbyshire established his own factory for pressed glass in Manchester in 1873. Under the name of John Derbyshire & Co., The Regent Road Flint Glass Works, it operated for only four years.<br><br>","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"John Derbyshire & Co.","id":"A9143"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"moulded","id":"x30076"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Press-moulded, acid-etched glass","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[{"text":"Victorian","id":"AAT21232"},{"text":"COMMEMORATIVE","id":"x29291"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM3529","2006AL6521"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"122C","id":"THES49223"},"free":"","case":"CA1","shelf":"","box":"53"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Paperweight","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Manchester","id":"x28993"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"07/1874","earliest":"1874-07-01","latest":"1874-07-31"},"association":{"text":"design registered","id":"x29997"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"12","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"11","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"20","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 01/02/2000 by JC","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Diamond registration mark for 07/1874, anchor and a manufacturer's mark 'JD', all moulded","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Diamond registration mark","note":"Diamond registration mark"}],"objectHistory":"Made by John Derbyshire & Co., Regent Glass Works, Manchester","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Lion paperweight, England (Manchester), made by John Derbyshire, Regent Road Flint Glass Works, 1874-1900","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Thompson (1989;41)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"B. Morris, Victorian Table Glass and Ornaments, London 1978; pl.134"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Sir Edwin Landseer's design for the lions at the base of Nelson's Column was the inspiration of this mould, and the intention may have been to commemorate Landseer who died in the year before its issue.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"British Galleries:\r\nThe manufacturer called this design 'Lion after Landseer for a Paperweight'. He based the design on the lions in Trafalgar Square, London, modelled by Sir Edwin Landseer (1802-1873). They had been put in place in the square in 1867.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["CIRC.357-1965"],"accessionNumberNum":"357","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1965,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Glass gallery number","id":"THES50491"},"number":"0841"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2025PG4714","2019LR1545","2019LP2823","2019LV5382","2023NR3910"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-15","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}