{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O65849"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O65849/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK9927/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AK9927/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AK9927","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA5785","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O65849/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O65849","accessionNumber":"C.268-1928","objectType":"Panel","titles":[{"title":"Saint John the Evangelist","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This is one of many panels in the Victoria & Albert Museum's collection of stained glass from the Abbey of Steinfeld in Germany. It was originally in the tracery of the third window in the abbey cloister.\r\n\r\nDuring the Revolutionary struggles in France and the subsequent religious upheavals under Napolean, many monastic institutions on the continent were 'secularised' and their buildings destroyed. The abbey of Steinfeld was closed down in 1802 but prior to that in 1785 the stained glass windows of the cloister had been taken down. It is believed that they were purchased, probably at the time of the closure in 1802, by John Christopher Hampp of Norwich. Hampp sold the Steinfeld panels to various churches and to private collections. Many of these were purchased by the collector, Lord Brownlow, who had them installed in his new chapel at Ashridge Park in Hertfordshire between 1811 and 1831.\r\n\r\nIn 1928 the contents of Ashridge Park were sold at auction and a private collector purchased the stained glass and gave it to the Victoria & Albert Museum.\r\n\r\nThe scheme of cloister glazing at the Praemonstratensian abbey of Steinfeld was commissioned by its abbot, Johann von Ahrweiler (1517-1538).\r\n\r\nWe know the layout of the windows of the cloister glazing at Steinfeld from an illustrated manuscript that was made in 1632 and was housed at Trier. \r\nAnother manuscript showing the arrangement of the windows is in the state archives in Dusseldorf. This dates from 1719.\r\n\r\nThe figure in this panel is St John the Evangelist, one of the original Apostles. He was considered to be the author of the fourth Gospel of the New Testament and of the Apocalypse (The Book of Revelation). He is depicted here holding a chalice. An early legend relates that a pagan priest of the Temple of Diana in Ephesus (in modern Turkey) gave John a chalice full of poison to test his faith. John drank it and survived unharmed.\r\n \r\nThe panel also shows St John with his symbol, the eagle. In the Old Testament Book of Ezekiel the prophet speaks of the four-headed beast. St John in his Book of Revelation speaks of the four beasts surrounding the throne of God. In the early Middle Ages, these beasts were equated with the writers of the four Gospels. John is associated with the eagle, because that is the bird that flies closest to Heaven.\r\n\r\nAccompaning St John is a scroll with the text, in Latin, 'Postquam consummati sunt et vocatum est nomen ejus Ihesus. Luce 2'. This is a passage from the Gospel of St Luke referring to the circumcision and naming of Jesus in the Temple. This panel was in the upper, tracery, lights of the third window. Below were panels depicting the 'Journey to Bethlehem', the 'Birth of Christ' and the 'Circumcision of Christ'.","physicalDescription":"Stained glass panel, tracery light depicting the Evangelist John, with cup and eagle. Inscription: Postquam consummati sunt et vocatum est nomen ejus Ihesus. Luce 2","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Remisch, Gerhard","id":"A6030"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"possibly"},{"name":{"text":"Rensig, Everhard","id":"A20752"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":"possibly"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Stained glass","id":"AAT10853"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Clear and coloured glass painted with brown/black pigment and silver (yellow) stain.","categories":[{"text":"Stained Glass","id":"THES48891"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AK9927","2017KA5785"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"64 (VA)","id":"THES49735"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1522-1526","earliest":"1522-01-01","latest":"1526-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by E.E. Cook Esquire. ","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"34.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum, sight","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"29.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum, sight","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"1.9","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"in wooden frame","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Postquam consummati sunt et vocatum est nomen ejus Ihesus. Luce 2","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"And when 8 days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called Jesus. Luke 2: 21","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"History of the Windows\r\n(c.1590-1600) Note in Trier MS that windows had been removed and taken to nearby monastery of Minstereifel and put back 12 years later. Were broken in several places by the removal.\r\n(1632) Abbot Norbert of Horichem composed a manuscript (in Latin) of the panels in the cloister as they came down. Were taken down to protect them from the invading Swedish army at the beginning of  the Thirty Years War. This manuscript is now in the City Library in Trier but C&G have a photostat. \r\n(1654) Panels reinstated - Trier MS used as a guide.\r\n(1654-1785) Panels taken out and reinstated four times more.\r\n\r\nIn the cloister of Steinfeld until about 1802.\r\nFrom about 1811 until 1928 it was installed in the Chapel at Ashridge Park, Hertfordshire.\r\n(12 July 1928) Sold at Sotheby's. Subsequently given to the museum by the purchaser Mr. E. E. Cook.\r\n\r\nThe glazing programme of the cloister at the Premonstratensian abbey of Steinfeld, in the Eifel region between Cologne and Trier, was executed between about 1522 and 1557. The work was carried out consecutively, window by window, starting at the north-west and running around the cloister, taking in twenty-seven windows in all. With a few exceptions, these were three-light windows with tracery lights above. The three-panelled main lights were invariably divided into two parts, with narrative scenes occupying the middle and upper panels, and donor figures mostly filling the ‘socle’ zone below. The master glazier responsible for the windows up to about 1537-8 appears to be Gerhard Remisch (or Remsich), whose monogram appears in window no. 13, made in 1534 (see C.211-1928). The museum possesses 38 panels from this cloister.","historicalContext":"Bernard Rackham on the Mariawald-Ashridge Glass, 1944\r\n\r\n(1736) A writer called Hugo wrote in the Annales Premonstratenses that the celebrated glass painter Gerhart Remsich painted the windows inserted by Abbot Johann von Ahrweiler (1517-1538) in the cloisters of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Steinfeld in the Eifel.\r\n(1834) Barsch makes the same claim but spells the name ‘Remisch’.\r\n(1906)  M.R. James’ description of the Ashridge glass – all Steinfeld.\r\n(1908) Rektor N. Reinartz visited Ashridge and described the glass as of the Cologne School and connected with Steinfeld.\r\n(1928) Ashridge sold and the glass put up for auction at Sotheby’s.\r\nBought by anonymous and then given to V&A, with exception of three panels kept in his personal possession\r\n\r\nResearch since\r\n(1913) Schmitz refers to a MS in the city library of Trier (Treves)\r\n\tdescribes the windows in the Steinfeld cloisters\r\n\tcopy in C&G\r\n(1929) Reinartz says the Ashridge glass is not all from Steinfeld (as M.R. James thought) after discussions with the abbot at Mariawald\r\n\tthinks that Steinfeld and Mariawald glass was all painted by Gerard Remisch\r\n(1929) Sydney Harrison, Bowes Museum recognised that two Ashridge panels closely corresponded to a painting from an altarpiece at Bowes by the ‘Master of St. Severin’, of Cologne\r\n-\tRaising of Lazarus (just shows Christ), Mariawald\r\n-\tRaising of Lazarus (shows Lazarus), Mariawald\r\nRackham: altarpiece and glass from same drawing and probably painted by same person\r\n(1944) Rackham: \r\n1) Reinartz didn’t recognise that the Ashridge windows come from more than one other souce and have no relation to the two series, from Steinfeld and Mariawald.\r\n2) Remisch didn’t paint all of the Steinfeld and Mariawald windows\r\n-\tconfusion over mongrams\r\n1)\tChrist and his Disciples Crossing the Brook at Cedron, Window XIII, Steinfeld cloisters – monogram of Gerhard Remsich\r\n2)\tJacob and Esau (kept by anonymous buyer at this time) – monogram of someone else\r\n3)\tMany of the windows painted by Remsich bear dates, ranging from 1527 to 1542. From the style of the architecture, they are Renaissance. [Seems to be saying that Remsich only worked at Steinfeld.]\r\n4)\tDeduce that Mariawald panels also came from a cloister setting because their size and design are like that of Steinfeld which we know to have come from the cloisters (Trier MS).\r\n5)\tThe Ashridge Mariawald panels fall into two series – early and late depending on the style of the architectural surrounds\r\n-\t(earlier, 1510-20) flanking columns with Gothic capitals and bases; slender shafts decorated either with lozenge pattern or with spiral or boken fluting; sometimes have cusped Gothic spandrels\r\n-\t(later, 1520-30) show fully developed Renaissance ornament\r\n6)\tSubjects:\r\n-\t(Mariawald) Old and New Testaments \r\n–\tcome from the Biblia Pauperum\r\nmostly copied from the woodcuts in the blockbook printed by Albrecht Pfister, Bamberg, in 1462/1463\r\nnot copied in order, the Gothic style panels are copies from later in the story woodcuts\r\n-\t(Steinfeld) Story of man’s Redemption – incidents in the Life and Passion of Christ\r\n\r\n7)\tMariawald panels (windows of two lights each)\r\n1)\tearly ones, in order\r\nElijah and the Widow’s Son (BP)\r\nThe Raising of Lazarus (St.Severin)- two panels, occupying two lights\r\nThe Transfiguration (BP)/ The Triumph of David (BP)\r\nElisha and the Sons of the Prophets (BP) (James thought it was an incident in the life of St. Norbert)\r\n2)\tlater ones\r\nGideon and the Fleece (BP)\r\nThe Nativity\r\nMoses and the Burning Bush\r\nsimilar to a woodcut in the Netherlandish edition of the Speculum Humanae Salvationis, printed about 1475-9\r\nThe Circumcision of Isaac\r\nThe Presentation in the Temple\r\nThe Repose on the Way to Egypt (subject not found in BP)\r\nThe Worship of the Golden Calf\r\nThe Massacre of the Sons of Ahaziah by order of Queen Athalia\r\nThe Massacre of the Innocents\r\n\tsome elements of copied from engraving by Marcantonio Raimondi, after Raphael\r\nChrist with his Parents on the way to the Passover\r\nThe Cleansing of Naaman / The Baptism\r\n\tcoupling of these two events derives from Speculum rather than from Biblia\r\nThe Temptation in the Wilderness\r\nJoab murdered by Amasa\r\nHeinrich von Binsfeld, Abbot of the Imperial Abbey of Cornelimunster (near Aachen) (1491-1532) and his patron St. Cornelius (two separate panels, occupying 2 lights of one window)\t\r\n\r\n8)\tSteinfeld panels (windows mostly of 3 lights each)\r\nMassacre of the Innocents, dated 1528\r\n\tthe central pair are also after the Marcantonio Raimondi engraving\r\n9)\tOther Ashridge panels\r\nLord Mayor’s Chapel, Bristol (Steinfeld)\r\nMarston Bigot Church, Somerset – The Return of Jacob to his Country (Mariawald)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDuring the Revolutionary struggles in France and the subsequent religious upheavals under Napolean, many monastic institutions on the continent were 'secularised' and their buildings destroyed. The abbey of Steinfeld was closed down in 1802 but prior to that in 1785 the stained glass windows of the cloister had been taken down. It is believed that they were purchased, probably at the time of the closure in 1802, by John Christopher Hampp of Norwich. Hampp sold the Steinfeld panels to various churches and to private collections. Many of these were purchased by the collector, Lord Brownlow, who had them installed in his new chapel at Ashridge Park in Hertfordshire between 1811 and 1831.\r\n\r\nIn 1928 the contents of Ashridge Park were sold at auction and a private collector purchased the stained glass and gave it to the Victoria & Albert Museum.\r\n\r\n\r\nAbbot Johann von Ahrweiler (1517-1538) commissioned windows for the cloiser of the Praemonstratensian abbey of Steinfeld in the Eifel.\r\n\r\n\r\nWe know the layout of the windows of the cloister glazing at Steinfeld from an illustrated manuscript that was made in 1632 and was housed at Trier. \r\nAnother manuscript showing the arrangement of the windows is in the state archives in Dusseldorf. This dates from 1719.\r\n\r\nThe majority of the windows appear to be from the workshop of the glass painter Gerhard Remisch.","briefDescription":"Panel of clear and coloured glass painted with brown/black pigment and silver (yellow) stain. Tracery light depicting the St John the Evangelist with his emblems of a chalice and an eagle. Originally from the third window depicting the Bith of Jesus Christ in the cloister of Steinfeld Abbey. Made in the workshop of Everhard Rensig or Gerhard Remsich. German (Lower Rhine), about 1522-6.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"J. Kurthen, Zur Kunst des Steinfelder Kreuzgangfenster. Ein Werkstattbesuch bei ihren Meister Gerhard Remisch, Euskirchen, 1941"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Wilhelm Neuss, ed., Die Glasmalereien aus dem Steinfelder Kreuzgang, Moenchengladbach, 1955"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"D.J. King, \"The Steinfeld Cloister Glazing\", Gesta, vol.37, no.2 (1998), pp.201-210"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bernard Rackham, 'The Ashridge stained glass', Old Furniture, vol.5 (1928), pp.33-7"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bernard Rackham, \"Notes on the Stained Glass in the Lord Mayor's Chapel, Bristol,\" Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, vol.37 (1935)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Johann Baptista Berg, Steinfeld, Steinfeld, 1928"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"J. Heinrich Schmidt, Steinfeld: die ehemalige Pramonstratenser Abtei, Ratingen: A. Henn, 1951"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E. Wackenroder, Die Kunstdenkmaler des Kreoses Schleiden, Dusseldorf, 1932"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"N. Reinartz (1929), Kunstler-Lexikon, Thieme-Becker, Vol. XVIII [pre 1834]"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hermann Schmitz, Die Glasgemalde des Koniglichen Kuntsgewerbemuseums in Berlin, Berlin, 1913"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"King, David, J. , Das Schicksal der Glasgemälde aus dem Steinfelder Kreuzgang. In: Verein der Geschichts- und Heimatfreunde des Kreises Euskirchen (Hrsg.), Steinfelder Kreuzgangscheiben - wiederentdeckt in englischen Kirchen. Begleitheft zur Ausstellung in der Zweigstelle Kall der Kreissparkasse Euskirchen November 1990."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Treves Manuscript, photostat, dated 1632"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Steinfeld Akten AD Nr.40, photostat, dated 1719, Staatsarchiv, Dusseldorf"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Barsch, Das Pramonstratenser Monchkloster Steinfeld in der Eifel, 1834"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"MR James, Notes of Glass in Ashridge Chapel, Grantham, 1906"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"N. Reinartz, 'Die alten glasgemadle im kruezgange der abtei Steinfeld I.d. Eifel', Eifelvereinsblatt, 1910-12"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Dagmar Taube, Rheinische Glasmalerei. Meisterwerke der Renaissance, exhibition catalogue, Museum Scnütgen Koln, Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg, 2007"},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul. Medieval and Renaissance stained glass in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: V&A Publications, 2003.","id":"AUTH409793"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"Originally from the third window in the cloister of Steinfeld Abbey","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"St. John the Evangelist","id":"N935"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"eagle","id":"AAT191374"},{"text":"cup","id":"AAT43202"},{"text":"halo","id":"x35202"},{"text":"chalice","id":"AAT194762"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"AAT73711"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Gospel of St Luke","New Testament","Bible"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.268-1928"],"accessionNumberNum":"268","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1928,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LM9951","2019LN5598","2019LR2310","2019LP0905","2019LT3383","2019LT2695","2019LW8774"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-15","recordCreationDate":"2002-06-13","availableToBook":false}}