{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O652366"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O652366/"}},"images":null,"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O652366","accessionNumber":"20557:45","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Horse-driven mill","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Le manége","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"This etching was published in <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, a series of prints published in Paris by the Société des Aquafortistes (Society of Etchers), between 1862 and 1867. The Société des Aquafortistes was established by publishers Alfred Cadart (1828-1875) and Joseph Jules Luquet (1824-1904), as well as printer Auguste Delâtre (1822–1907) in 1862 with the aim of promoting the practice of etching to artists and the general public. Etching had been practised by artists for centuries, but its popularity declined with the rise of lithography and the dominance of reproductive engraving. By the 1860s in France, however, a significant revival was underway. The nineteenth century etching revival, which occurred in France, Britain, and America, was characterised by artists reclaimed etching as an autonomous art form, aligning themselves with the tradition of the ‘peintre-graveur’ (painter-printmaker) and looking to earlier great masters of the medium, like Rembrandt. In this renewed context, etching was valued for its immediacy and originality, ideas that informed the foundation of the Société des Aquafortistes and publications like <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>. \r\nThe Society’s headquarters in Paris had a public exhibition space, sold prints and provided a studio for etchers. They produced portfolios of original prints by contemporary artists, Eaux-Fortes Modernes being one of their most popular. These were sold via a subscription service. The subject matter of the etchings varied, but often included landscapes, demonstrating etching’s ability to reproduce scenes from life. The Society published five volumes of <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, including 300 prints made by notable artists including Charles Meryon, Alphonse Legros, Camille Corot and Édouard Manet. ","physicalDescription":"Etching of a horse turning a wheel, with three figures, possibly monks, on the right, one reading a book and the other two taking water out of a well.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Legros, Alphonse","id":"A2265"},"association":{"text":"printmaker","id":"AAT25164"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Delâtre, Auguste","id":"A4334"},"association":{"text":"printer","id":"x30811"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Cadart","id":"A34159"},"association":{"text":"publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"etching (printing process)","id":"AAT53241"},{"text":"letterpress printing","id":"AAT178926"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Etching on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[{"text":"French","id":"AAT111188"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":[],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"EE","shelf":"229","box":"A"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1863","earliest":"1863-01-01","latest":"1863-12-31"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"26.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"36.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"52.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"35.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'A. Legros sculp<sup>t</sup>.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower left"},{"content":"'Paris. Publié par A. CADART & F. CHEVALIER, Éditeurs, Rue Richelieu, 66.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower left"},{"content":"'LE MANÈGE.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower centre"},{"content":"'Imp. Delâtre, Rue S<sup>t</sup>. Jacques, 3o3 Paris.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower right"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"'Le manége' (Horse-driven mill), etching by Alphonse Legros, fourth state of four, published by Cadart and Chevalier for <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, Paris, 1863","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Laran, Jean. <i>Inventaire de Fonds Français après 1800</i>. Bibliothèque Nationale, Département des Estampes, Paris 1930","id":"AUTH412142"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Henri Beraldi. <i>Les Graveurs du XIX<sup>e</sup> Siècle: Guide de l'amateur d'estampes modernes</i>. Paris: Librarie L. Conquet, 1889.","id":"AUTH412340"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Auguste Poulet-Malassis and Alphonse Wyatt Thibaudeau. <i>Catalogue raisonné de l'ouevre gravé et lithographié de M. Alphonse Legros</i>. Paris, 1877","id":"AUTH412330"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"Undescribed fourth state which includes the publication information. State 4 of 4.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"monks","id":"AAT25765"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["20557:45"],"accessionNumberNum":"20557","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-03-17","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}