{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O652313"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O652313/"}},"images":null,"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O652313","accessionNumber":"20558:40","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Memory (Windmills by the Water)","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Souvenir (Moulins à vent au bord de l'eau)","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"This etching was published in <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, a series of prints published in Paris by the Société des Aquafortistes (Society of Etchers), between 1862 and 1867. The Société des Aquafortistes was established by publishers Alfred Cadart (1828-1875) and Joseph Jules Luquet (1824-1904), as well as printer Auguste Delâtre (1822–1907) in 1862 with the aim of promoting the practice of etching to artists and the general public. Etching had been practised by artists for centuries, but its popularity declined with the rise of lithography and the dominance of reproductive engraving. By the 1860s in France, however, a significant revival was underway. The nineteenth century etching revival, which occurred in France, Britain, and America, was characterised by artists reclaimed etching as an autonomous art form, aligning themselves with the tradition of the ‘peintre-graveur’ (painter-printmaker) and looking to earlier great masters of the medium, like Rembrandt. In this renewed context, etching was valued for its immediacy and originality, ideas that informed the foundation of the Société des Aquafortistes and publications like <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>. \r\nThe Society’s headquarters in Paris had a public exhibition space, sold prints and provided a studio for etchers. They produced portfolios of original prints by contemporary artists, Eaux-Fortes Modernes being one of their most popular. These were sold via a subscription service. The subject matter of the etchings varied, but often included landscapes, demonstrating etching’s ability to reproduce scenes from life. The Society published five volumes of <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, including 300 prints made by notable artists including Charles Meryon, Alphonse Legros, Camille Corot and Édouard Manet. \r\n","physicalDescription":"Etching of two windmills by the water, with a boat and buildings in the background.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Appian, Adolphe","id":"A29796"},"association":{"text":"printmaker","id":"AAT25164"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Cadart","id":"A34159"},"association":{"text":"publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"etching (printing process)","id":"AAT53241"},{"text":"letterpress printing","id":"AAT178926"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Etching on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Landscapes","id":"THES250800"}],"styles":[{"text":"French","id":"AAT111188"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":[],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"EE","shelf":"220","box":"A"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1864","earliest":"1864-01-01","latest":"1864-12-31"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"27.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"52.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"36","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'100.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Upper right"},{"content":"'A. Appian sculp.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower left"},{"content":"'SOUVENIR.' and 'Paris, Publié par CADART & LUQUET, Editeurs, 79, Rue Richelieu.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower centre"},{"content":"'Imp. Delâtre, Rue S<sup>t</sup>. Jacques, 3o3, Paris.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower right"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"'Souvenir (Moulins à vent au bord de l'eau)' (Memory (Windmills by the Water)), etching by Adolphe Appian, second state of three, published by Cadart & Luquet for <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>, Paris, 1864","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Curtis, Atherton and Paul Prouté. <i>Adolphe Appian: son oeuvre gravé et lithographié</i>. Paris, 1968.","id":"AUTH412102"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Laran, Jean. <i>Inventaire de Fonds Français après 1800</i>. Bibliothèque Nationale, Département des Estampes, Paris 1930","id":"AUTH412142"},"details":"p. 149","free":""}],"production":"State 2 of 3.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"windmills","id":"AAT6273"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["20558:40"],"accessionNumberNum":"20558","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-03-04","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}