{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O64467"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O64467/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2257/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2257/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BF2257","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O64467/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O64467","accessionNumber":"IS.46-1966","objectType":"Sculpture","titles":[{"title":"Crowned Buddha Shakyamuni","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"This small sculpture shows the Buddha seated with his right hand touching the earth (<i>bhūmisparśa mudrā</i>), denoting the moment before his Enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, when he called upon the Earth to witness his overcoming of the forces of the demon Māra. His left hand rests on his lap with the palm upwards, indicating a moment of meditation. The Buddha is seated on a cushion marked with a diamond pattern atop a  base with carefully articulated, almost architectural projections. An incised vajra (thunderbold) on the central projection of the base indicates that the pedestal represents the vajra-seat (<i>vajrāsana</i>) at Bodh Gaya, on which the Buddha attained Enlightenment. The elaborate crown worn by the Buddha, together with the necklace and armbands, all inlaid with silver, as is the mark in the middle of the forehead (<i>uṣṇīṣa</i>), are characteristic of a type of sculpture made in Bihar, eastern India, in the 11th and 12th centuries. Despite the small size of this sculpture, the quality of the sculpture and use of inlaid precious metals in silver and copper reveals a high-value production.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"copper alloy","id":"x40014"},{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"},{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"","id":""},{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"}],"techniques":[{"text":"lost-wax","id":"AAT53113"},{"text":"inlay","id":"AAT53850"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Copper alloy inlaid with copper and silver, lost-wax cast","categories":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"},{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"}],"styles":[{"text":"Pala","id":"AAT18917"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006BF2257"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES368216"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Figure","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"India","id":"x29790"},"association":{"text":"Made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"12th Century","earliest":"1100-01-01","latest":"1200-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"9.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"2.25","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased from Mrs. A.M. Stodart, from whom it had formerly been on loan, in 1966. According to a note in the 1966 V&A Register, this Buddha, described as 'North India (Mahayana Buddhist); 11th-12th century', was 'Dug up near Congeeveram (the ancient Kanchi) in the Chengalpat district, Madras Presidency, having been buried probably in the 13th or 14th century', in common with V&A Museum numbers IS.44-1966 and IS.45-1966.\r\n\r\n\"This finely modelled figure closely follows eastern India sculptural models of the late Pala period (c. 10th-12th century).  It was reportedly excavated near Kancipuram, in Tamil Nadu, southern India, prior to 1917.  There was considerable mobility of images in the Buddhist world; another Burmese sculpture has been excavated at Nagapattinam, a major Buddhist centre in coastal Tamil Nadu.\"  John Guy.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Seated crowned Buddha, copper alloy, Bihar, eastern India, 12th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Arts of Bengal : the heritage of Bangladesh and eastern India : an exhibition organized by the Whitechapel Art Gallery in collaboration with the Victoria and Albert Museum : 9 November-30 December 1979, Whitechapel Art Gallery ..., 12 January-17 February 1980, Manchester City Art Gallery ... . [London]: Whitechapel Art Gallery, [1979] Number: 085488047X (pbk.) :","id":"AUTH339757"},"details":"p.27","free":""}],"production":"Bihar, Eastern India","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Buddhist","id":"AAT73738"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"THE CROWNED\r\nBUDDHA AT\r\nBODHGAYA\r\nCopper alloy, inlaid with\r\ncopper and silver\r\nBihar, Eastern India\r\nPala period\r\nc.12th century\r\n\r\nIS.46-1966","date":{"text":"25/09/2000","earliest":"2000-09-25","latest":"2000-09-25"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.46-1966"],"accessionNumberNum":"46","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1966,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-19","recordCreationDate":"2002-03-21","availableToBook":false}}