{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O629898"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O629898/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FA5841/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FA5841/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011FA5841","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O629898/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O629898","accessionNumber":"26044","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Bacchus","type":"generic title"},{"title":"Set of 20 grotesque panels, containing Roman divinities","type":"series title"}],"summaryDescription":"This engraving belongs to a set of twenty prints attributed to René Boyvin and his workshop. But it has been suggested that they could perhaps be by Pierre Milan, since it is quite unusual for Boyvin not to sign his work. Depictions of the Greek and Roman divinities were quite common in the 16th century, as were grotesques. But to represent the Roman gods surrounded by grotesques, and with such details, makes this set a very original one.\r\n\r\nThe original drawings were made by Léonard Thiry in the middle of the sixteenth century, as the inscription on the first plate ‘Leonardus Theodoricus inventor’ demonstrates. They were once attributed to Rosso Fiorentino and his influence is quite strong in this set. Indeed Rosso himself drew a series of Gods in Niches engraved by Caraglio. In both series, gods and goddesses are set up in traditional pairs, such as Pluto and Proserpina, Ariadne and Bacchus; furthermore Thiry’s compositions are often extremely reminiscent of Rosso’s. For example, Saturn is shown in the same posture, devouring one of his children, in both sets. \r\n\r\nThe four prints showing Neptune, Thetis, Hercules and Hebe are very rare, and unlike the others, they are unnumbered.","physicalDescription":"Engraving from a set of twenty prints depicting grotesque panels containing Roman divinities. Bacchus (plate 15). Bacchus is standing under a pergola, squeezing grapes into his hands above a small dish. At the top, a satyr spreading open the legs of a recumbent naked female figure. Below Bacchus' feet, a scene of sacrifice with a priest and a bull. At the bottom, a cartouche with a goat and a basket full of grapes.Attributed to René Boyvin or Pierre Milan, after Léonard Thiry; mid 16th century. Numbered '15'. Lettered with a Latin inscription: 'Quid non designo? quae non operta recludo?'.\r\n.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Léonard Thiry","id":"A14457"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":"after"},{"name":{"text":"René Boyvin","id":"A14458"},"association":{"text":"Engraver","id":"x30810"},"note":"Attributed to "},{"name":{"text":"Pierre Milan","id":"A30045"},"association":{"text":"Engraver","id":"x30810"},"note":"Attributed to "}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving (printing process)","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraving on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Ornament prints","id":"THES49038"}],"styles":[{"text":"Renaissance","id":"AAT21140"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2011FA5841"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"EO","shelf":"105","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53225"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"mid 16th century","earliest":"1525-01-01","latest":"1575-12-31"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53225"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Numbered '15' in the upper centre of the plate.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Numbered."},{"content":"Lettered in the lower margin of the plate: \r\n\r\n'Quid non designo? quae non operta recludo?'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lettered with a Latin inscription."}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"This engraving belongs to a set of twenty prints attributed to René Boyvin and his workshop. But Henri Zerner (L’Ecole de Fontainebleau, 1972, p. 332, no.434) suggested that they could perhaps be by Pierre Milan, since it is quite unusual for Boyvin not to sign his work. Depictions of the Greek and Roman divinities were quite common in the 16th century, as were grotesques. But to represent the Roman gods surrounded by grotesques, and with such details, makes this set a very original one.\r\n\r\nThe original drawings were made by Léonard Thiry in the middle of the sixteenth century, as the inscription on the first plate ‘Leonardus Theodoricus inventor’ demonstrates. An old attribution to Rosso exists due to the fact that the name of Léonard Thiry was scratched and replaced with the inscription ‘maitre Rous’ by a fraudulent publisher. Nevertheless, Rosso’s influence is quite strong in this set. Indeed Rosso himself drew a series of Gods in Niches engraved by Caraglio (Bartsch illustrated, 28, pp. 116-165). In both series, gods and goddesses are set up in traditional pairs, such as Pluto and Proserpina, Ariadne and Bacchus; furthermore Thiry’s compositions are often extremely reminiscent of Rosso’s. For example, Saturn is shown in the same posture, devouring one of his children, in both sets. \r\n\r\nThe four prints showing Neptune, Thetis, Hercules and Hebe are very rare, and unlike the others, they are unnumbered.","briefDescription":"René Boyvin or Pierre Milan, after Léonard Thiry. Plate from a suite of 20 grotesque panels with Roman gods. France, 1540-1560. ","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Robert-Dumesnil, A. P. F. <u>Le peintre-graveur français, ou Catalogue raisonné des estampes gravées par les peintres et les dessinateurs de l'école française. Ouvrage faisant suite au Peintre-graveur de M. Bartsch. Par A.-P.-F. Robert-Dumesnil</u>. Paris: G. Warée, 1835-71. Vol. VIII, no. 133."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Zerner, Henri. <u>L’Ecole de Fontainebleau, gravures</u>. 1972. p. 332, no.434."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Strauss, Walter L., ed. <u>The Illustrated Bartsch, 28, Commentary: Italian Masters of the Sixteenth Century</u>. New York: Abaris Books, 1995. pp. 116-165."}],"production":"Attributed to René Boyvin. But the set has also been attributed to Pierre Milan.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Fontainebleau","id":"x30165"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Bacchus","id":"N191"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"grotesque","id":"AAT10211"},{"text":"pergolas","id":"AAT6783"},{"text":"grapes","id":"x30300"},{"text":"satyr","id":"x35233"},{"text":"sacrifice","id":"x36235"},{"text":"priest","id":"AAT25774"},{"text":"bull","id":"AAT152044"},{"text":"goat","id":"x30394"},{"text":"cartouche","id":"AAT10256"},{"text":"erotica","id":"AAT28882"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"mythology","id":"AAT55985"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["26044"],"accessionNumberNum":"26044","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}