{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O6289"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O6289/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM2639/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM2639/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM2639","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM2638","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AM2637","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MA6804","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O6289/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O6289","accessionNumber":"CIRC.170A-1963","objectType":"Vase","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>These ornamental vases would have been considered fairly novel and ingenious creations in the mid-19th century.  They were also topical, with their views of the Crystal Palace.  Though made in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic), their subject matter and  title in English, 'The Industrial Exhibition for 1851', marked them as a souvenir to British customers.<br><br><b>Historical Associations</b><br>At the time of the Great Exhibition, Bohemia, for centuries famed for its glass-making, formed part of the vast Austro-Hungarian Empire.  Several Bohemian glass manufacturers exhibited ruby glass in the Austrian Section at the Crystal Palace, but it is not known which, if any of them made these vases.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The vases are stained red by brushing on copper oxide. After firing,  this thin coloured layer is cut away to reveal the clear glass beneath, which has then been wheel-engraved with the images of the Crystal Palace. Until 1840, the Bohemian, Friedrich Egermann (1777-1864), had been the only maker of red-stained glass, having discovered staining with copper in 1832.  After several glassmakers broke into Egermann's workshop to learn the secret, knowledge of the technique quickly passed with them to France, from where, in turn, it was sold to St. Louis.  Soon the technique was practised throughout Europe and America.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Ruby-stained glass, cut and engraved","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Vases","id":"THES48879"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"},{"text":"Great Exhibition","id":"THES48945"}],"styles":[{"text":"19TH CONT","id":"x29275"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM2639","2006AM2638","2006AM2637","2019MA6804"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"122F (VA)","id":"THES49220"},"free":"","case":"CA1","shelf":"","box":"16"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Vase","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Czech Republic","id":"x29585"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1850","earliest":"1845-01-01","latest":"1854-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"31.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"bowl","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 07/07/1999 by Terry","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'THE INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION FOR 1851'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"English","medium":"","method":"inscribed","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Decoration","note":"Decoration; English; inscribed"}],"objectHistory":"Almost certainly made in Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic)","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"One of a pair of vases, ruby engraved with a depiction of Crystal Palace, probably Bohemia, 1850-1851","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"See 'Glas des Historismus' - W. Spiegl (1980;p.10)"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"The vase has cut decoration depicting the Crystal Palace.  It was probably made as a souvenir for the British market.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"British Galleries:\r\nBohemia, a central European state, was celebrated for its glass-making, and particularly noted for coloured glass such as this. The red layer is cut away to reveal the clear glass underneath. Such glassware was available to buy only through glass retailers, as exhibitors were forbidden to sell goods from their stands.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["CIRC.170A-1963"],"accessionNumberNum":"170","accessionNumberPrefix":"CIRC","accessionYear":1963,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP9117","2019LP7824","2019LT9633"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-23","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}