{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O625975"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O625975/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2026PR5274/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2026PR5274/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2026PR5274","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O625975/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O625975","accessionNumber":"27190D/18","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Venice (Flood of 15th October 1875)","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Venise (Inondation du 15 Octobre 1875)","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"This etching was published in <i>L’Eau Forte</i>, a publication produced in Paris between 1874 and 1881. In the 1860s and 1870s, several series of etchings were published by Alfred Cadart (1828-1875) and his associates, including publishers Joseph Jules Luquet (1824-1904) and Léandre Luce (active 1867-69), and printer Auguste Delâtre (1822–1907). These included <i>Eaux Fortes Modernes</i> (published between 1862 and 1867) and <i>L’Illustration Nouvelle par une Société de Peintres-Graveurs a l'eau-forte</i> (published between 1868 and 1880). These publications, and the associated Société des Aquafortistes (Society of Etchers), founded by Cadart, Luquet and Delâtre, aimed to promote the practice of etching to artists and the general public. Etching had been practised by artists for centuries, but its popularity declined with the rise of lithography and the dominance of reproductive engraving. By the 1860s in France, however, a significant revival was underway. The nineteenth century etching revival, which occurred in France, Britain, and America, was characterised by artists reclaimed etching as an autonomous art form, aligning themselves with the tradition of the ‘peintre-graveur’ (painter-printmaker) and looking to earlier great masters of the medium, like Rembrandt. In this renewed context, etching was valued for its immediacy and originality, ideas that informed the foundation of the Société des Aquafortistes and publications like <i>Eaux-Fortes Modernes</i>. \r\n<i>L’Eau Forte</i> was initially published by Alfred Cadart, but following his death in 1875, his widow, Célonie Sophie Cadart, continued to publish original etchings in <i>L’Illustration Nouvelle</i> and <i>L’Eau Forte</i>. Célonie Sophie was the sister of artist François-Nicolas Chifflart, whose etchings were published by Cadart, including a frontispiece to the 1870-1871 series of <i>L’Illustration Nouvelle</i> (E.1746A-1901). Célonie Sophie managed the Cadart publishing business until 1882, at which point it went bankrupt and all assets were auctioned. Like previous series, <i>L’Eau Forte</i> was a subscription service, each edition including 30 original etchings and accompanying essays by literary figures and art critics such as Jules Claretie (1840-1913) and Philippe Burty (1830-1890). Other artists included in this series include Adolphe Lalauze and Maxime Lalanne.<i><i><i><i>\r\n","physicalDescription":"Etching of a flood in Venice, with a figure in the water in the foreground.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Appian, Adolphe","id":"A29796"},"association":{"text":"printmaker","id":"AAT25164"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Cadart","id":"A34159"},"association":{"text":"publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"},{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"etching (printing process)","id":"AAT53241"},{"text":"letterpress printing","id":"AAT178926"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Etching on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Landscapes","id":"THES250800"}],"styles":[{"text":"French","id":"AAT111188"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2026PR5274"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"MainStudio","id":"THES393030"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice (city)","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1877","earliest":"1877-01-01","latest":"1877-12-31"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"1876","earliest":"1876-01-01","latest":"1876-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"20","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"27.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Plate","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"53","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"35.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Salon de 1876' ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Upper centre"},{"content":"'A. Appian, pinx. et sculp.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower left"},{"content":"'APPIAN / 1876'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signed and dated upper left in image"},{"content":"'18.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Upper right"},{"content":"'VENISE / (Inondation du 15 Octobre 1875)'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower centre"},{"content":"'V<sup>ve</sup> A. Cadart, Edit. Imp. 56, B<sup>ard</sup> Haussmann, Paris.'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lower right"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"'Venise (Inondation du 15 Octobre 1875)' (Venice (Flood of 15<sup>th</sup> October 1875)), etching by Adolphe Appian, second state of two, published by Veuve A. Cadart for <i> L'Eau Forte</i>, Paris, 1877","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Laran, Jean. <i>Inventaire de Fonds Français après 1800</i>. Bibliothèque Nationale, Département des Estampes, Paris 1930","id":"AUTH412142"},"details":"p. 150","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Curtis, Atherton and Paul Prouté. <i>Adolphe Appian: son oeuvre gravé et lithographié</i>. Paris, 1968.","id":"AUTH412102"},"details":"44:I","free":""}],"production":"This print was published by Célonie Sophie Cadart under the name 'Veuve A. Cadart'. She was the widow of prolific print publisher Alfred Cadart, who died in 1875. State 2 of 2.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Venice (city)","id":"x29237"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"flood","id":"x47577"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["27190D/18"],"accessionNumberNum":"27190","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-24","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}