{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O617853"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O617853/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KN1860/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017KN1860/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017KN1860","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O617853/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O617853","accessionNumber":"D.1093-1886","objectType":"Drawing","titles":[{"title":"St Paul Shipwrecked on the Island of Malta","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"This drawing is a preliminary study for one of the illusionistic lunettes decorating the interior of the dome in St Paul’s Cathedral. Sir James Thornhill received the coveted commission to decorate the dome of the cathedral in 1715 and completed the project in 1717.\r\n\r\nThe drawing depicts the Conversion of St Paul, one of eight scenes from the life of the saint depicted on the dome. Thornhill sketched the composition of this drawing in brown chalk, enhancing the darker passages with wash and using white chalk to emphasise the highlights.","physicalDescription":"Drawing in brown chalk heightened with white, and wash; the borders in pen, ink and gold. Study for an illusionistic lunette in the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral depicting St Paul Shipwrecked on the Island of Malta ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Sir James Thornhill","id":"A8916"},"association":{"text":"Artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":"Sir James Thornhill (1675/76 – 1734) was one of the most successful painters of the early eighteenth century in Britain. He was the only English artist to successfully compete against European artists for the few decorative painting commissions in Britain during this period. Despite his own patchy artistic training, Thornhill was active in establishing the earliest art academy in England as one of the 12 original directors of Sir Godfrey Kneller’s academy at Great Queen Street in 1711, later becoming governor in 1720. He then opened his own drawing school in Covent Garden which his future son-in-law William Hogarth attended as a student. Thornhill was highly successful in his day. In 1718 he was made History Painter to the King and in 1720, Master of the Painter-Stainers’ Company and Sergeant-Painter to the King. In the same year he was knighted, becoming the first English-born artist to achieve this honour."}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"brown chalk","id":"x45601"},{"text":"wash","id":"AAT11051"},{"text":"pen and ink","id":"x30618"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Drawing","id":"x32498"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2017KN1860"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLH","id":"THES49654"},"free":"","case":"PD","shelf":"208","box":"A(I)"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Britain","id":"x32019"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1715","earliest":"1710-01-01","latest":"1719-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Drawn","id":"x30545"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"D.1086-1886","id":"O617860"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1087-1886","id":"O617859"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1088-1886","id":"O617858"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1089-1886","id":"O617857"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1090-1886","id":"O617856"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1091-1886","id":"O617855"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"D.1092-1886","id":"O617854"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"402","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"280","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"430","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Historic mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"310","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Historic mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"8","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"At the top of the sheet in brown chalk, possibly in Thornhill’s own hand, the bottom half of the number ‘8’. Also at the bottom of the sheet in pencil, possibly in a 20th-century hand. "}],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Purchased from E. Parsons in 1886\r\n\r\nThis drawing came to the museum as part of a set of eight preparatory studies for the painted decoration of the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral At the time of acquisition, these drawings were inserted into a small folio volume with Horace Walpole’s bookplate; they have since been remounted. St Paul’s Cathedral holds a grisaille oil sketch, probably painted after the project was completed (acc. no. 8208).\r\n\r\nSir James Thornhill received the sought-after commission to decorate the dome of the cathedral in 1715 and completed the project in 1717, for which he was paid a total of £6575. The terms of the commission stipulated that the dome be painted with scenes from the New Testament’s Acts of the Apostles and that they should be executed in monochrome to give the appearance of sculptural relief. This study and the final painting indicate Thornhill’s strict observance of these rules. \r\n\r\nIn 1719, Thornhill announced that he would publish the scenes as a series of prints. One week before the engravings were issued to subscribers in May 1720, Thornhill gave the first set of prints to George I on the occasion of his knighthood.\r\n\r\nPaul shipwrecked on the island of Malta (Acts 28:1-5) is the eighth scene from the life of St Paul depicted on the dome of the cathedral and is located to the right of Paul before King Agrippa (see D.1092-1886). \r\n\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Drawing, St Paul Shipwrecked on the Island of Malta, study for an illusionistic lunette in the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral by Sir James Thornhill, brown chalk heightened with white, and wash, the composition bordered in gold, laid down on washline mount, Britain, ca. 1715","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Jacob Simon, <i>English Baroque Sketches: The Painted Interior in the Age of Thornhill</i>, Marble Hill, 1974, no. 44\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Edward Croft-Murray, <i>Decorative Painting in England 1537-1837</i>, I, London, 1962, p. 271, no. 33 (4) "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Edgar de N. Mayhew, <i>Sketches by Thornhill in the Victoria and Albert Museum</i>, London, 1967, p. 15, no. 15"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<i>For broader discussions of Thornhill’s commission to paint the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral, see:</i>\r\n\r\nTabitha Barber (ed.), <i>Baroque Britain: Power and Illusion</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate, 2020, pp. 59-60\r\n\r\nRichard Johns, ‘\"An Air of Grandeur & Modesty\": James Thornhill's Painting in the Dome of St Paul's Cathedral’, <i>Eighteenth-Century Studies</i>, vol. 42, no. 4, Summer, 2009, pp. 501-527\r\n\r\nArline Meyer, <i>Sir James Thornhill and the Legacy of Raphael's Tapestry Cartoons</i>, exhibition catalogue, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University in the City of New York, 1996, pp. 69-72\r\n\r\nCarol Gibson-Wood, 'The Political Background to Thornhill's Paintings in St Paul's Cathedral', <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i>, vol. 56, 1993, pp. 229-37"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Malta","id":"x41931"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"St Paul","id":"N401"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["D.1093-1886"],"accessionNumberNum":"1093","accessionNumberPrefix":"D","accessionYear":1886,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}