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This cabinet is the earliest signed and dated example from Augsburg. 'HS' cannot be identified with any certainty, but he also produced a chest-on-chest, signed and dated 1565 (now in the Landesmusem in Zurich, Switzerland). This cabinet follows the box-like form of the Spanish <i>escritorio</i> (writing desk). The decoration derives from popular engravings of the planets by Vergil Solis of Nuremberg (1514-1562) and of Roman ruins by Hieronymus Cock of Antwerp (about 1510-1570).","physicalDescription":"Cabinet decorated in marquetry of various stained and shaded woods. The top, back, sides and inner face of the fall front with arabesques and foliage arranged in a central, rectangular panel, surrounded by a  wide band of foliage, flowers and 'rollwerk' scrolls. The exterior of the fall front has a central rectangular  panel depicting a design of classical ruins and trees, surrounded a wide band of foliage, flowers and  'rollwerk' scrolls. All six marquetry boards have an inner and an outer border:\r\n<u>outer borders</u>: husk and skittle, with alternating three beads and ‘hourglass’ and tau at the corners (fall front inside and both sides); reel and box on a string, with corner bead (top and back); three beads and rounded reel on string (fall front outside).\r\n<u>inner borders</u>: rounded reel with flanking parrelograms, and bead or two beads on a string, corner heart (both sides, top and fall front inside, fall front outside (single bead only); three beads and rounded reel on string (back).\r\n \r\nThe interior is fitted with thirteen drawers arranged in four tiers around four cupboard doors (five on the top tier, four on the second tier, two on the third tier between the two  outer cupboard doors, and two on the bottom tiers, one at each corner, with mitred mouldings of a tropical hardwood, possibly rosewood, and a handle in the form of a projecting head, mostly female, with one male. Each drawer front is inset with an oblong oval plaque of  boxwood carved in relief with mythological subjects, surrounded by a line of stringing and 'rollwerk' marquetry. The boxwood  scenes represent (top tier x5) the Five Senses, and (second, third and bottom tiers) the Eight Planets. The interiors of the drawers and cupboards are of ash, the cupboard interiors bordered with a darker wood. \r\n \r\nTwo of the cupboards (with large square doors) are positioned on the third tier at either side, and display  a large arch with a high rusticated base (the rustication formed from a triple layer of woods, pale, dark, pale), on which stands a nude, male rider on a rearing horse above flames; two bosses underneath are formed by four triangles of inlay, arranged to suggest chiaroscuro. Flanking the arch, as if standing behind it is a low pediment with two figures (Athena and Venus? on the left, Ceres and Diana? on the right) standing in arched recesses,  and above to either side against a rusticated background is a projecting male head with beard and moustache (perhaps representing barbarians). The other two  cupboard doors adjoin, centrally, on the bottom tier, and form an arcade with high rusticated plinth which  depicts, from the outside in: two standing figures (female, representing Prudence with a snake, Lust(?) with flowers, Patience(?) with a book, Music(?) with a lyre), each in an arched recess, two standing figures, each  within a pedimented aedicule, two male riders wearing armour (a barbarian(?) on the left, a Roman(?) on the right), each on a rearing horse above flames.\r\n \r\nConstruction \r\nThe main carcase is formed from softwood boards, finely dovetailed (two dovetails). The drawers of ash throughout with marquetry fronts, and hardwood mitred mouldings, the bottoms formed by a single board, grained front to back, and glued up (with some added nails). The cupboard doors are fitted with two etched and gilded cut steel hinges (held by pins with some added screws of both modern, and possibly early dates)\r\n \r\n \r\nModifications\r\nThe cabinet has been restored, probably in the early 20th century. \r\nRustication apparently replaced on the central and right doors. Some of the drawer handles may be cast copies. One drawer bottom repaired with oak. The mouldings on drawers 3, 6, 8 and 15 have been replaced, to a slightly different design. The hardwood mouldings on both side doors, and the mouldings under three of the four cupboards have been replaced.   \r\nReplaced sections of veneer around main keyhole and middle of the front lower edge. \r\nThe exterior handles apparently replaced and crudely fitted).\r\nThe inscriptions: HS and 1600 probably modern additions            \r\nReplacement section where spring catches have torn the top edge of the carcase\r\nFall front obviously has been removed (see added inscription) and refixed\r\nSome reddish brown resinous paste infills \r\nEvidence of some scraping suggested by a lack of subtle graduation in sanding.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ash","id":"AAT164025"}],"techniques":[{"text":"marquetry","id":"AAT53853"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Marquety of walnut, plum, maple, birch and other woods on a softwood carcase; carved boxwood drawer fronts; handles of cast copper alloy","categories":[{"text":"furniture","id":"THES48948"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2012FE5445","2012FE5446","2006BF1115","2006AP3145","2017JY0626","2017KN3199","2018KX5179","2018KX5180","2018KX5181","2018KX5182","2018KX5184","2018KX5185","2018KX5186","2018KX5187","2018KX5188","2018KX5189","2018KX5190","2018KX5191","2018KX5192","2018KX5193","2018KX5194","2018KX5195","2018KX5196","2018KX5197","2018KX5198","2018KX5199","2018KX5292","2018KX5293","2018KX5294","2018KX5295","2018KX5296","2018KX5297","2018KX5298","2018KX5299","2018KX5300","2018KX5301","2018KX5302","2018KX5303","2018KT1315","2018KT1313","2018KT1310","2018KT1294","2018KT1290","2018KT1170","2018KT1164"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"010","id":"THES302813"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES342757"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Cabinet","id":""}],[{"text":"keys","id":""}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":""}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}],[{"text":"Drawer","id":"AAT40558"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Augsburg","id":"x32552"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 16th century","earliest":"1550-01-01","latest":"1600-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Alfred Williams Hearn Bequest","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"59.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"96.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"42.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Drawer fronts - 9.2 x 21.4 and 20 x 45, and 9.2 x 16.9cm\r\nInternal cupboards - 21.8 x 20.9cm","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Beruguete 1521'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"The letters cut with a chisel on lower rail of main carcase, below fall front. Possibly the name of a Spanish(?) restorer."},{"content":"HS","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Cut into the marquetry on architectural ruins panel on exterior of fall front"},{"content":"1560","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Cut into the marquetry on architectural ruins panel on exterior of fall front"}],"objectHistory":"Alfred Williams Hearn Bequest (RF 30/4771): cabinet and key\r\nCondition: 'slightly scratched, one piece of moulding broken and replaced'\n\nThe cabinet, W.24-1931 was located (on the stand, W.29A-1913), in Room 1C c1980 to c2011.\n\nPrint sources\nThe carved boxwood decoration derives from popular engravings of the  planets by Virgil Solis of Nuremberg (1514-1562). The marquetry of classical ruins may have been inspired by engravings (<i>Praecipua aliquot romanae Antiquitatis ruinarum monumenta</i>, Antwerp, 1551) by Hieronymus Cock (about 1510-1570). The arabesques may have been influenced by designs by Virgil Soli published c1540-1570). \r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Marquetry cabinet with date 1560 HS Augsburg","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Wilk, Christopher, ed. <font -u>Western Furniture 1350 to the Present Day</font>. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1996. 230p., ill. ISBN 085667463X, entry by James Yorke, pp. 40-1\n'Designed by Hieronymus Wolf (1516-80?). Made by the 'HS' Master. Marquety of walnut, plum, maple, birch and other woods; carved boxwood drawer fronts, carcase of pine.'"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"MÖLLER, Lieselotte; Der Wrangelschrank und die verwandten süddeitschen intarsienmöbel des 16. Jahrhunderts. (Berlin, 1956), cat. no. 3"}],"production":"inscribed with the date '1560', and the initials 'HS'","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"CABINET\r\nGERMAN (Augsburg); 1560, the stand later\r\nMarquetry of various woods, with carved panels and cast bronze handles, signed and dated on the front\r\nProbably by the Master H.S.\r\nThe carved panels on the drawer fronts depicting the planetary gods are derived in part from plaquettes by Peter Flðtner (about 1485-1546). The inlaid scene of ruins on the fall front is probably inspired by prints of the ruins of Rome by Hieronymus Cock (about 1510-70). The Master H.S. who signed this cabinet seems not to be the same as the Master H.S. who produced printed furniture designs about 1540.","date":{"text":"pre July 2001","earliest":null,"latest":"2001-06-30"}}],"partNumbers":["W.24:1-1931","W.24:2-1931","W.24:3-1931","W.24:4-1931","W.24:5-1931","W.24:6-1931","W.24:7-1931","W.24:8-1931","W.24:9-1931","W.24:10-1931","W.24:11-1931","W.24:12-1931","W.24:13-1931","W.24:14-1931","W.24:15-1931"],"accessionNumberNum":"24","accessionNumberPrefix":"W","accessionYear":1931,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","keys","Cabinet"],"assets":["2019LU7320","2019LW3437"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-08","recordCreationDate":"2001-08-02","availableToBook":false}}