{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O59014"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O59014/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH6442/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BH6442/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BH6442","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AT9319","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O59014/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O59014","accessionNumber":"IS.10-1968","objectType":" Altarpiece or shrine","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This bronze sculpture may be a portable image commissioned by a Jain layman or laymen for presentation to the temple. The central figure is a ‘Jina’ (salvation-teacher). His identity is not immediately apparent because there is no distinguishing symbol on the throne base. What we can see at the base of the moulding is a ‘<i>dharmachakra</i>’, a Buddhist symbol representing the ‘wheel of law’, flanked by elephants and lions. \r\nThe enthroned central figure is seated in <i>padmasana</i> (lotus posture) and has inset silver eyes. The <i>srivatsa</i> emblem on his chest marks him as one ‘beloved of fortune’. He is flanked by two further Jinas standing in<i> kayotsarga</i>, or ‘body abandonment’ posture, making this a<i> trithirtha</i> image. They in turn are flanked by<i> yakshas</i> (minor deities or earth-spirits) bearing fly-whisks. There are kneeling devotees below the throne. Projecting from the base are the <i>yaksha</i> Gomedha and <i>yakshi</i> Ambika, the attendant deities associated with Neminatha. The back plate is embellished with flying garland bearers.\r\nThe garments worn by the Jinas indicate that the patrons (and recipient temple) were followers of the Shvetambara ‘White-Clad’ sect.  Many icons of this kind can be seen today adorning the inner sanctuaries of Jain temples or stored in temple strong rooms. Many bear donor inscriptions, usually dated.This altarpiece, surprisingly for an image of this importance, does not.","physicalDescription":"The identity of the central <i>Jina</i> is not immediately apparent, the image having no distinguishing  symbol on the throne base. The <i>dharmachakra</i> can be seen at the base of the throne molding, flanked by elephants and lions. The enthroned central figure is seated in <i>padmasana</i>, or lotus posture, and has inset silver eyes. The <i>srivatsa</i> emblem on his chest marks him as one \"beloved of fortune\". He is flanked by two further <i>Jinas</i> standing in <i>kayotsarga</i>, or body abandonment posture, making this a <i>trithirtha</i> image. They in turn are flanked by flywhisk-bearing<i> yakshas</i>. There are kneeling devotees below the throne and projecting from the base are the <i>yaksha</i> Gomedha and <i>yakshi</i> Ambika, the attendant deities associated with Neminatha. The backplate is embellished with flying garland bearers.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"bronze","id":"AAT10957"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Bronze-copper alloy","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Jain","id":"THES49013"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006BH6442","2006AT9319"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES404320"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Shrine","id":"AAT7558"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gujarat","id":"x29825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1000","earliest":"0995-01-01","latest":"1004-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"MA/1/N72","id":"ARC174382"},"association":"Archive record"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"25","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"19.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Portable images of this scale were usually commissioned by members of the Jain laity and presented to their temples.  The garments indicate that the patrons (and recipient temple) were followers of the Svetambara  (White Clad) sect.  Many such images can be seen today adorning the inner sanctuaries of Jain temples or stored in temple strong rooms.  Many bear dedicatory inscriptions, often dated, though this alterpiece does not.\r\nU.P.Shah, who much admired this image, attributed it to ca. 1000 A.D.\r\n\r\nBought from Ralph Nash. R.P. 66/3799","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Altarpiece with three Jinas (Tritirtha), bronze, Gujarat, ca.1000.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Pal, Pratapaditya Dr. (Ed.) <i>The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India</i>, New York and London, Los Angeles County Museum of Art and V&A, 1995","id":"AUTH353257"},"details":"Guy, John, p.148","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Willis, M. (ed.) <i>India: the Art of the Temple</i>, Shanghai Museum, 2010","id":"AUTH353266"},"details":"pp.222-3, Cat.3:5","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Guy, John <i>Indian temple sculpture </i>. London: V&A Publications, 2007","id":"AUTH339668"},"details":"p.116, pl.129","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"L'escultura en el temples indis : l'art de la devoció : exposició organitzada per la Fundació \"La Caixa\" i el Victoria & Albert Museum, Londres. [Barcelona: Obra social, Fundació \"la Caixa\", c2007 Number: 9788476649466","id":"AUTH339669"},"details":"p.182, Cat.142","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Ayers, J. Oriental Art in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London 1983, ISBN 0-85667-120-7","id":"AUTH347571"},"details":"p.65","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Irwin, John; Indian Art: Victoria & Albert Museum departmental guide, H.M.S.O. ISBN 0 905209117, 1978","id":"AUTH348999"},"details":"fig. 8, p.9","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"elephant","id":"x30316"},{"text":"lion","id":"x30150"},{"text":"throne","id":"AAT38141"},{"text":"garlands","id":"AAT167386"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Jainism","id":"AAT143540"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"ALTARPIECE WITH\r\nTHREE JINAS (tritirthi)\r\nCopper alloy with silver\r\ninlay\r\nGujarat, Western India\r\nc.1000\r\n\r\n\r\nIS.10.1968","date":{"text":"25/09/2000","earliest":"2000-09-25","latest":"2000-09-25"}},{"text":" Jain Altarpiece\r\nAbout 1000 \r\n\r\nJains worship twenty-four saviours or Jinas (spiritual victors). \r\nThrough their exemplary lives these Jinas show the way \r\nto liberation from the cycle of life, death and rebirth. Here \r\na meditating Jina is flanked by two others standing in the \r\nkayotsarga or‘body-abandonment’posture.Their sacred \r\nstatus is shown by the celestial figures bearing garlands and \r\nflywhisks. \r\n\r\nCopper alloy with silver inlay\r\nWestern India (Gujarat) \r\n\r\nMuseum no. IS.10-1968 \r\n\r\n","date":{"text":"06/06/2011","earliest":"2011-06-06","latest":"2011-06-06"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.10-1968"],"accessionNumberNum":"10","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1968,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR0827","2019LP4184","2019LT6424","2019LV1151","2019LW0849","2019LV9782","2020MP2157","2020MP2158","2021MU8799"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-04","recordCreationDate":"2001-05-17","availableToBook":false}}