{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O58980"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O58980/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EM6046/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011EM6046/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011EM6046","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6044","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6043","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6045","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF4660","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AL3892","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KD6325","copyright":"©Victoria & Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AF7447","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AY9299","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6030","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6031","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6032","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6033","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6034","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6035","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6036","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6040","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6041","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011EM6042","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O58980/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O58980","accessionNumber":"226:1 to 3 -1879","objectType":"Harpsichord","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This harpsichord was made in Rome in 1521 by Jerome of Bologna. Although almost nothing is known about its maker, this example is one of the earliest dated keyboard instruments to survive. Rome was the ideal place for an instrument maker to be in the early 1500s because music flourished there as much as art and architecture. Pope Leo X  (reigned 1513-1521) was a keen patron of music and collector of musical instruments. Like most other surviving harpsichords of this date, this instrument, although treasured because of its quality and prestige, has subsequently been altered so as to keep up with the latest musical fashions.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Soundboard of pine, sides of cypress, and case of tooled leather, with decoration in the style of about 1550. Naturals of boxwood and sharps stained hardwood. The instrument's present range is forty-seven notes, C-d3, and has two 'eight foot' registers, having originally only had one.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Jerome of Bologna","id":"A11241"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Cypress","id":"AAT12540"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Gilding","id":"AAT53789"},{"text":"joining","id":"AAT137062"},{"text":"stringing","id":"x37524"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Cypress case and soundboard, with decorative stringing, gilding and inlay","categories":[{"text":"Musical instruments","id":"THES48919"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2011EM6046","2011EM6044","2011EM6043","2011EM6045","2006AF4660","2006AL3892","2017KD6325","2006AF7447","2006AY9299","2011EM6030","2011EM6031","2011EM6032","2011EM6033","2011EM6034","2011EM6035","2011EM6036","2011EM6040","2011EM6041","2011EM6042"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES341158"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES343235"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES343235"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES341733"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Harpsichord","id":""}],[{"text":"Harpsichord case","id":""}],[{"text":"Harpsichord case","id":""}],[{"text":"lid prop","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Rome","id":"x29106"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1521","earliest":"1521-01-01","latest":"1521-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"180","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"75","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"22.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"39","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum, part I, keyboard instruments by Howard Schott. part II, non-keyboard instruments by Anthony Baines.","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Hieronymus Bononiensis faciebat Romae MDXXI","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"Jerome of Bologna","id":"A11241"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"1521","earliest":"1521-01-01","latest":"1521-12-31"},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"Latinn","medium":"Ink","method":"Inscribed","position":"Above the keyboard","script":"Small case","translation":"Jerome of Bologna made this in Rome in 1521","transliteration":"","type":"1) Decoration 2) Signature","note":"1) Decoration 2) Signature; Latinn; Small case; Above the keyboard; Inscribed; Ink; Jerome of Bologna; 1521"},{"content":"Aspicite ut trahitur suavi modulamine vocis/ Quidquid habent aer sider terra fretum","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"Jerome of Bologna","id":"A11241"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"1521","earliest":"1521-01-01","latest":"1521-12-31"},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"Latin","medium":"","method":"","position":"Above the keyboard","script":"Roman","translation":"See how whatever the sky, stars, earth and see possess  is brought out by the sweet modulation of its voice.","transliteration":"","type":"1) Decoration 2) Makers's mark","note":"1) Decoration 2) Makers's mark; Latin; Roman; Above the keyboard; Jerome of Bologna; 1521"}],"objectHistory":"X-ray(s) of this object are held in the Furniture Collection Library, Box of X-Rays of V&A instruments, shelfmark FW2.G.3 (2024)","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Harpsichord, Italian, 1521, Jerome of Bologna","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"HARPSICHORD\r\nBy Jerome of Bologna (Italian), 1521\r\nInscribed Hieronymus Bononiensis faciebat Romae MDXXI [Jerome of Bolgna made this in Rome in 1521] below the verse Aspicite ut trahitur suavi modulamine vocis/ Quidquid habent aer sider terra fretum.  [See how everything from the air, sea and earth is brought out by the modulation of the sweet voice]. Soundboard of pine, sides of cypress, and case of tooled leather, with decoration in the style of about 1550. Naturals of boxwood and sharps stained hardwood. The instrument's present range is  forty-seven notes, C -d3, and has two \"eight foot\" registers, having originally only had one.  \r\n \r\nKeyboard Catalogue No.: 1 \r\n \r\nThis harpsichord is the only known extant instrument of Jerome of Bologna, who flourished in Rome in the 1520s, and one of the earliest dated examples to survive.\r\n\r\n\r\n226-1879","date":{"text":"pre September 2000","earliest":null,"latest":"2000-08-31"}}],"partNumbers":["226:1-1879","226:2-1879","226:3-1879","226:4-1879"],"accessionNumberNum":"226","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1879,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Harpsichord","Harpsichord case [1]","Harpsichord case [2]","lid prop"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-15","recordCreationDate":"2001-05-16","availableToBook":false}}