{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O58959"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O58959/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU5544/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU5544/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AU5544","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB2136","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O58959/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O58959","accessionNumber":"W.27:1 to :4-1928","objectType":"Square piano","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Johannes Christopher Zumpe emigrated from Germany to England during the 1750s. He set up business as a piano maker in Princess Street in London in 1761. This is one of his well-known single or 'English action' pianofortes. Basically, it is a square pianoforte with a single action, the precursor of the modern piano. It is one of the earliest known examples of its type. \r\n\r\nJohann Christian Bach (the son of Johann Sebastian Bach) gave the first public pianoforte recital in England in 1768, on an instrument that he had acquired from Zumpe. It is probable this recital that accelerated the popularity of the pianoforte. Johannes Christopher Zumpe made his fortune producing such pianos.","physicalDescription":"Square piano on a separate stand, the case strictly rectangular, veneered in mahogany with stringing of holly. Above the keyboard is a long inlaid tablet with the name of the maker.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Zumpe, Johannes Christopher","id":"A11474"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mahogany","id":"AAT12221"},{"text":"holly","id":"AAT12156"},{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"ebony","id":"AAT12055"}],"techniques":[{"text":"cabinet-making","id":"AAT53607"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Case and stand of mahogany, with stringing of boxwood or holly; the sharps are of ebony and the naturals are covered with ivory","categories":[{"text":"Musical instruments","id":"THES48919"}],"styles":[{"text":"Neo-classicism","id":"x38958"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2006AU5544","2017KB2136"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES299379"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES340977"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES341714"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES341714"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Square piano","id":""}],[{"text":"bag of fragments","id":""}],[{"text":"base","id":""}],[{"text":"base","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1767","earliest":"1767-01-01","latest":"1767-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"126.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"case","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"47","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"case","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"16.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"case","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"IOHANNES CHRISTOPHER ZUMPE LONDINI FECIT 1767 / PRINCESS STREET HANOVER SQUARE","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"inscribing","position":"on case","script":"inscribed","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"1) Makers's mark","note":"1) Makers's mark; inscribed; on case; inscribing"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Square piano on a separate stand, English, 1767, made by Christopher Johannes Zumpe. Veneered in mahogany with stringing of holly.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Tomlin, Maurice, <i>Catalogue of Adam Period Furniture</i> (London: HMSO for the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1972), cat. no. Y/1, p. 198"}],"production":"Date and location of manufacture are inscribed on the case.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"SQUARE PIANO\r\nEnglish \r\nInscribed Johannes Christopher Zumpe Londini Fecit 1767/ Princess Street Hanover Square  \r\nThe case is made of mahogany with stringing of boxwood or holly. The sharps are ebony and the naturals covered with ivory. The instrument's range is fifty-five notes, GG - f3. \r\n \r\n Keyboard Catalogue No.: 29 \r\n \r\nJohannes Zumpe emigrated from Germany to England during the 1750s, setting up business as a piano maker in Princes street, London in 1761. He made a fortune selling square pianoes with a single or \"English\" action. Johann Christian Bach, son of the famous Johann Sebastian Bach, performed concerts, both making the instrument fashionableand increasing Zumpe's sales. He retired to Germany probably in about 1783. \r\n \r\nZumpe developed a simple mechanism which enabled the hammers to strike the strings and was also easy to reproduce cheaply. However, they could bounce back and hit the strings again, while the key was still pressed down. In 1767 Thomas Grey observed that \"the bass is not quite a piece with the treble, and the higher notes are somewhat dry and sticky\".\r\n\r\n\r\nW.27-1928","date":{"text":"pre September 2000","earliest":null,"latest":"2000-08-31"}}],"partNumbers":["W.27:1-1928","W.27:2-1928","W.27:3-1928","W.27:4-1928"],"accessionNumberNum":"27","accessionNumberPrefix":"W","accessionYear":1928,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Square piano","bag of fragments","base [1]","base [2]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-24","recordCreationDate":"2001-05-16","availableToBook":true}}