{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O5476"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O5476/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0383/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM0383/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM0383","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JW4794","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O5476/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O5476","accessionNumber":"C.658-1936","objectType":"Rummer","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>Rummers, invented towards the end of the 18th century, served many purposes and took many forms. This example, with its engraved hops and barley, was clearly intended for drinking beer. The rummer had nothing to do with rum: its name derived from 'Roemer', a green wine glass that continued to be made in Germany with little change from the 17th century onwards.<br><br><b>Design & Designing</b><br>The essential attributes of a rummer were a capacious bowl, a short sturdy stem and a wide foot. The elegant curved shapes of the late 18th century remained popular for several decades, often having a heavy pressed-glass square foot in the early 19th century. But bucket and cylindrical bowls were also made in large numbers, while the large surface area was exploited for wheel-engraved decoration, either decorative (as in this example) or commemorative. For example, many rummers of imperfect glass engraved with the colossal funeral car used for Admiral Lord Nelson in 1806 survive, attributable to the Sunderland glasshouses.<br><br> By the mid-19th century, so successful was the design, that plain heavy rummers were to be found in every public house in Britain.<br><br><b>Ownership & Use</b><br>As with the drinking of beer itself, ownership of rummers cut across all social divisions. Engraved dedications show that they were especially popular as presents (for example, for ships' owners or captains), and were even awarded as prizes for horse-racing.","physicalDescription":"Foot: cut; Stem: capstan; Bowl: ogee","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"wheel-engraving","id":"AAT53831"},{"text":"glass-blowing","id":"AAT53932"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Glass, cut and engraved on a wheel","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[{"text":"BRITAIN","id":"AAT111159"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM0383","2017JW4794"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"118A (VA)","id":"THES49236"},"free":"","case":"CA5","shelf":"","box":"28"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Glass","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1815-1820","earliest":"1815-01-01","latest":"1820-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Wilfred Buckley Collection","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"8.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 17/07/2000 by RK","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Made in England","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rummer, glass for beer or ale,  England, 1820-1830","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nIn the 18th century, beer was the most common drink, as water was often unfit for human consumption. It was mostly produced by small local breweries but many estates and even inns had their own brewhouse. Beer or ale glasses are usually distinguishable from wine glasses by their form and decoration. Hops, as on this example, were a common motif signifying beer.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["C.658-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"658","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Glass gallery number","id":"THES50491"},"number":"7539"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP6238","2019LP1376","2019LV6773"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-23","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}