{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O540"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O540/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BY4641/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BY4641/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BY4641","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BY4638","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JT7582","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O540/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O540","accessionNumber":"191-1879","objectType":"Beaker","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Venetian enamelled and gilt glass was a luxury product exported all over Italy and beyond. The glassmakers of Venice had an excellent and wide spread reputation for high-quality colourless glass and fine workmanship in gilding and enamelling. \r\nAccount books and inventories of the time sometimes mention small numbers of 'worked' or 'gilded' glass and often this is stated to have come from Venice or Murano, the Venetian island on which the glass industry was concentrated. The value of such items was often many times as great as that of ordinary beakers and bottles which were used in much greater quantities for daily use at the dinner table.\r\nThe more valuable enamelled and gilt glasses were almost certainly used for special occasions only. Their shapes were also more varied, including footed beakers and bowls, cooling vessels, dishes, ewers, basins and salts. The fact that such items were specially mentioned in inventories showed how they were treasured by their owners from the start.\r\nEnamelled glass went out of fashion in Italy, from about 1520 onwards, but it remained popular in Central Europe. Venetian glassmakers continued supplying German patrons with finely enamelled wares, often decorated witht the arms of the patron.","physicalDescription":"Conical glass beaker on low foot, gilt & enamelled with the arms of Emperor Charles V","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"enamelling","id":"x37485"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Colourless glass, enamelled and gilt","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"}],"styles":[{"text":"ITALY","id":"x29304"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2009BY4641","2009BY4638","2017JT7582"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"63","id":"THES49737"},"free":"","case":"CA9","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Beaker","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1519-1558","earliest":"1519-01-01","latest":"1558-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"16.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"greatest width","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"0.2","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured for the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The arms are those of Charles V (1500-1558) as Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1558)\r\nbought from the Robinson Collection\r\nex J C Robinson Collection\r\nBefore coming to the Museum this beaker was in the private collection of John Charles Robinson (1824-1913), the first curator of art at the V&A, who shifted the focus of the Museum collections away from its original enthusiasm for good examples of modern design, towards historic works of art which should inspire modern manufactures. In his 15 years at the Museum, Robinson created the first public collection of medieval and Renaissance decorative art in Britain.","historicalContext":"Venetian enamelled and gilt glass was a luxury product exported all over Italy and beyond. The glassmakers of Venice had an excellent and wide spread reputation for high-quality colourless glass and fine workmanship in gilding and enamelling. \r\nAccount books and inventories of the time sometimes mention small numbers of 'worked' or 'gilded' glass and often this is stated to have come from Venice or Murano, the Venetian island on which the glass industry was concentrated. The value of such items was often many times as great as that of ordinary beakers and bottles which were used in much greater quantities for daily use at the dinner table.\r\nThe more valuable enamelled and gilt glasses were almost certainly used for special occasions only. Their shapes were also more varied, including footed beakers and bowls, cooling vessels, dishes, ewers, basins and salts. The fact that such items were specially mentioned in inventories showed how they were treasured by their owners from the start.\r\nEnamelled glass went out of fashion in Italy, from about 1520 onwards, but it remained popular in Central Europe. Venetian glassmakers continued supplying German patrons with finely enamelled wares, often decorated witht the arms of the patron.","briefDescription":"Beaker, enamelled glass, Italy (Venice), 1500-1600","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Robinson, John Charles (Sir)","id":"N4387"},{"text":"Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor)","id":"N1552"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"enamelled with the arms of Charles V (1500-1558) as Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1558)","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["191-1879"],"accessionNumberNum":"191","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1879,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Glass gallery number","id":"THES50491"},"number":"2587"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR4659","2019LU2110","2019LV2861"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-12-01","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}