{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O5192"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O5192/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM5977/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM5977/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM5977","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O5192/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O5192","accessionNumber":"C.53-1983","objectType":"Cream jug","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This jug is entirely functional and made for daily use as a cream-pourer for puddings, tea or coffee. Extensive glass table services became increasingly popular towards the end of the 19th century. Cheaply made, in pressed glass, such sets were often elaborate and became widely available.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The technique of press-moulding glass with the aid of a hand-operated machine was first perfected in the United States of America in the early 1820s. It took only two people to shape a measured quantity of hot glass in a heated metal mould. By simply depressing a lever, a metal plunger was lowered into the glass, forcing it into the patterned mould. By the 1830s this method had spread to Europe and Britain, giving rise to stylistic changes and revolutionising the availability of glassware. The technique made the mid- to late 19th century the first period of true mass production. In the 1890s the introduction of steam-powered presses improved quality while cutting costs even further.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Sowerby Ellison Glassworks","id":"A9224"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Press-moulded glass","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Food vessels & Tableware","id":"THES48952"},{"text":"Tea, Coffee & Chocolate wares","id":"THES48886"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[{"text":"VICTORIAN","id":"x29321"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM5977"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"125B (VA)","id":"THES49893"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"","box":"73"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Jug","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gateshead","id":"x28869"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1875","earliest":"1870-01-01","latest":"1879-12-31"},"association":{"text":"design registered","id":"x29997"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of M. J Franklin","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"10.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"10.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 07/07/1999 by Terry","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Diamond registration mark for 6/1875","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Diamond registration mark","note":"Diamond registration mark"}],"objectHistory":"Manufactured by Sowerby & Co. Ellison Glass Works, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Cream jug, England (Gateshead-on-Tyne), made by Sowerby & Co., Ellison Glass Works, 1875-1900","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nGlass cream jugs were used for serving cream with the pudding as well as with coffee and tea.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["C.53-1983"],"accessionNumberNum":"53","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1983,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR1086","2019LP5649","2019LU4051"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}