{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O517502"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O517502/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HN6588/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HN6588/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2015HN6588","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KC2940","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O517502/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O517502","accessionNumber":"CAI.123","objectType":"Drawing","titles":[{"title":"Etude de trois personages à demi-corps (Conversation)","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"This study depicting two men and a woman in conversation is a fine example of Daumier’s more realistic style and a recurrent subject matter in his oeuvre. Although better known as a satirist, Daumier increasingly turned to more realist subjects after the 1860s as he was more and more constrained by the King’s censorship. Throughout his oeuvre, Daumier had depicted many categories of the French society, of which this study is in its own style an interesting example. ","physicalDescription":"A study drawing of two elderly gentleman looking at a woman, probably in conversation.  ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"pen and watercolour","id":"x47049"}],"techniques":[{"text":"","id":""}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Pen and black ink lighlty washed with watercolour","categories":[],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2015HN6588","2017KC2940"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"IONIDES","shelf":"3","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"productionDates":[],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"110","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"154","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Mounted with CAI.123A","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Recto: Lugt 488\r\nVerso: Lugt 2503"}],"objectHistory":"C.A. Ionides, by whom bequeathed, 1900\r\n\r\n ","historicalContext":"This study of two men and a woman in conversation is typical of daumier's more Realist-type work.  This study demonstrates his handling of line with attuned observational skills and clarity with a hint of humour. This image is quite similar in its composition, handling and subject matter to <i>Conversation</i> (see Fuchs, E,<i> Der Maler Daumier</i>, 1927 p. 210, illus.) but also in its kindly temperament to <i>Deux Hommes</i> (Maison 146).\r\n\r\nAlthough best known for his satirical lithographs, Daumier was finally constrained to aim his satire at Bourgeois society due to the intermittent censorship of the press, imposed by the King.  During these periods of censorship and especially after the 1860s, he turned increasingly towards the depiction of people engaged in everyday activities.  This move towards more Realism may well have been influenced by his close friendship with the painter Corot and his association with The Barbizon School.\r\n\r\nDaumier's capability of working in different styles lent well to his skill as a caricaturist, but also provided the facility to draw everyday life with humility.  Because of his diverse and variable drawing techniques it is difficult to accurately date many of his drawings. To judge from the subject matter, it is not unlikely that this sketch belongs to the late career of the artist in the early 1870s.\r\n","briefDescription":"Honoré Daumier. French School\r\nTwo old men looking at a woman.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"K.E. Maison, <u>Honoré Daumier, Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours and Drawings</u>,  vol. II, <u>The Watercolours and   Drawings</u>, Thames and Hudson, London, 1904, p. 67, cat no. 178, illus. plate 37"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Basil S. Long, <u>Catalogue of the Constantine Alexander Ionides Collection</u>, vol. I,  <u>Paintings in Oil, Tempera and Water-Colour together with certain of the  Drawings</u>, London 1925, p.16. cat. no. 123\r\n "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Fuchs, E., <u>Der Maler Daumier</u>, Munich, 1927, pl. 208a"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["CAI.123"],"accessionNumberNum":"123","accessionNumberPrefix":"CAI","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}