{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O502336"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O502336/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HR6700/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HR6700/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2015HR6700","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KL2591","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2020ML1935","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O502336/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O502336","accessionNumber":"2601","objectType":"Design","titles":[{"title":"Five designs for chandeliers which appeared as  plate no.155 in The Gentleman and Cabinet- Maker's Director (1762 ed.), Thomas Chippendale","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"These designs for five chandeliers by Thomas Chippendale are the original designs for plate no.155 in the 1762 edition of <i>The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director</i>. The designs demonstrate the popular and flamboyant rococo style which, inspired by French precedents, became fashionable in Britain during the first half of the 18<sup>th</sup> century. The rococo style is characterised by curved, scrolling forms and natural imagery and, as seen within these designs, could be combined with the gothic and chinoiserie styles to create fanciful effects. James Hulett engraved this design for the <i>Director </i>and his signature can be seen in the bottom right hand corner. In the plate description within the <i>Director</i>, Chippendale instructs that the chandeliers '<i>are generally made of Glass and sometimes of Brass: but if neatly done in Wood, and gilt in burnished Gold, would look better and come much cheaper</i>.’\r\n\r\nThomas Chippendale was a fashionable designer and cabinet-maker in the eighteenth-century, providing furniture to such famous contemporary figures as David Garrick. His company produced high-quality furniture, including some key masterpieces, but Chippendale's outstanding skill was in design. His pattern-book<i> The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director </i>went through three editions in the 1750s and 60s and inspired trade catalogues and pattern-books from fellow designers. Usually produced by architects, a large, elegant pattern-book was an ambitious project for a craftsman at this time.<i> The Director </i>showed the full range of furniture available in the eighteenth century, and the range of styles that were fashionable. Chippendale created a trademark fusion of rococo style with Chinese and gothic elements, which was the basis of 'English' rococo. His style influenced furniture design in contemporary Europe and colonial America, and had a marked Victorian revival in England.<i> The Director </i>designs were the main source for Chippendale's high reputation until his furniture was first identified in 1906.","physicalDescription":"Five designs for chandeliers cut and pasted onto a single sheet. The largest to centre has four brackets to each side and a swan on the bottom finial; that to the top left has three brackets to each side and a plain central hanger tapered to a finial at each end. The remaining designs all have two brackets to each side; that to the bottom left has a central hanger more gothic in style; that to the bottom right is Chinese in style with a pagoda shape and lattice work; and that to the top right is rococo with a foliate head at the centre. Below this top-right has an outline plan view drawn.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Thomas Chippendale Senior","id":"A8241"},"association":{"text":"designer","id":"x36960"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"pen and ink","id":"x32505"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawn","id":"x34232"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Pen and ink and wash on paper","categories":[{"text":"Designs","id":"THES48968"},{"text":"Furniture","id":"THES48948"},{"text":"Lighting","id":"THES48925"}],"styles":[{"text":"Rococo","id":"AAT21155"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2015HR6700","2017KL2591","2020ML1935"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"W","shelf":"9","box":"A(iii)"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"City of London","id":"x36513"},"association":{"text":"designed","id":"x29338"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1753-1762","earliest":"1748-01-01","latest":"1762-12-31"},"association":{"text":"designed","id":"x29338"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","value":"345","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"224","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Chandeliers for halls T.C","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Title and designer's intitials in black ink to top centre"},{"content":"T. Chippendale invent. et delin.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Designed and drawn by T. Chippendale","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signature in black ink to bottom left of design"},{"content":"Published according to act of Parliament","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In black ink to bottom centre"},{"content":"J. Hullett Sculpt","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Engraved by J. Hullett","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Engraver's signature to bottom right."},{"content":"N 155","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Plate number in black ink to top right corner"}],"objectHistory":"This design came to the museum with a collection of single designs by Matthias Lock. They were bought from a descendant, George Lock, and had been exhibited by him at the International Exhibition held at South Kensington in 1862. The mixed nature of this Lock and Chippendale material has helped to fuel the idea that the two collaborated professionally. It has even been suggested that Lock ‘ghost’ designed for Chippendale, but it now seems more likely that he provided piece-work carving for Chippendale’s larger projects.","historicalContext":"This design appeared as Plate 155 in Chippendale's pattern-book <i> The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director</i>. James Hullett produced three plates for the third edition of <i>The Director</i>.","briefDescription":"Five designs for chandeliers, engraved and published in the<i> Director</i> (1762 ed.), pen and ink and wash, ca.1753-1762, Thomas Chippendale","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director, 1762, pl.155"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Design","id":"THES48872"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[{"text":"Hullett, James","id":"N10209"}],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"chandeliers","id":"AAT37622"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["2601"],"accessionNumberNum":"2601","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-23","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-30","availableToBook":false}}