{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O494488"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O494488/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM7232/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM7232/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BM7232","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BM7231","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O494488/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O494488","accessionNumber":"FE.130-1978","objectType":"Ewer","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Manufacture of glazed stoneware ceramics in Cambodia coincided with the rapid expansion of urbanisation under the Khmer empire centred at Angkor. The earliest production centre was on Phnom Kulen, the plateau mountain to the north-east of Angkor and the site of the first of the Angkorian-period Khmer capitals, that of Jayavarman II (802-about 830). Kilns have been located on Mount Kulen in the presumed vicinity of his capital. \r\n\r\nGlazed ceramics continued to be made in the vicinity of the capital, which was relocated several times during the Angkorian period (from the ninth to the end of the thirteenth century). recent excavations of kiln sites in the region confirm that production was associated with both urban and ritual centers. Roof tiles abound at all sites, as well as functional wares and a number of categories of more specialised forms seemingly associated with temple life and ritual.\r\n\r\nVessels incorporating animal forms in their design were particularly popular in the later Angkorian period, as on this piece, which has a handle in the shape of a bird. Many of these vessels with residual animal forms have a wide neck aperture and are often encrusted with traces of lime, indicating that they were containers for the lime associated with betel chewing. This example, however, has a constricted neck and a functioning spout, and was probably a domestic pouring vessel. The vast majority of surviving brown-glazed Khmer ceramics have been excavated, often in the vicinity of temples, in those regions of north-east Thailand that once formed part of the Khmer empire.","physicalDescription":"Ewer with globular body, very short restricted neck and grip with bird in relief, decorated with iron-brown glaze and incised comb pattern","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"stoneware","id":"x30197"}],"techniques":[{"text":"incised","id":"AAT53847"},{"text":"glazed","id":"AAT53914"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Stoneware with iron-brown glaze and incised decoration","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Stoneware","id":"THES48890"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2007BM7232","2007BM7231"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"145 (VA)","id":"THES49865"},"free":"","case":"46","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"EWER","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Cambodia","id":"x30020"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Thailand","id":"x30017"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1150-1250","earliest":"1145-01-01","latest":"1250-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"22.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased from Bluett and Son","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Ewer, stoneware with iron-brown glaze and incised decoration, Cambodia or north-east Thailand (Khmer empire), around 1150-1250","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Liefkes, Reino and Hilary Young (eds.) <u>Masterpieces of World Ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London: V&A Publishing, 2008, pp. 43."}],"production":"Made in the Khmer Empire spanning modern Cambodia or some of Thailand","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"bird","id":"x35043"},{"text":"lines","id":"AAT9936"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Brown-glazed ewer\r\nCambodia or north-east\r\nThailand (Khmer empire)\r\n1150–1250\r\n\r\nStoneware was first made in Cambodia after 800, when the Khmer empire was established. Production was concentrated in the Angkor region, the heart of the empire. Most stonewares with an iron-brown glaze have been excavated in north-east Thailand,\r\nthen an outlying province. The narrow neck and spout suggest that this pot was a domestic pouring vessel. The handle is in the shape of a small bird.\r\n\r\nGlazed stoneware, with incised decoration\r\n\r\nMuseum no. FE.130-1978","date":{"text":"September 2009","earliest":"2009-09-01","latest":"2009-09-30"}}],"partNumbers":["FE.130-1978"],"accessionNumberNum":"130","accessionNumberPrefix":"FE","accessionYear":1978,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LP6933","2019LT7206","2019LU6517"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-07-01","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":false}}