{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O472037"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O472037/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AH4583/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AH4583/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AH4583","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4584","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4585","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4198","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4182","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4180","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BP6594","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BP4000","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2007BP3997","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AH4181","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O472037/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O472037","accessionNumber":"T.1-1920","objectType":"Chintz ","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Process samples show how objects are made by illustrating the different stages of production with unfinished examples. This group of eight process samples shows various stages in the making of chintz. \r\n\r\nChintz is made by a combination of mordant and resist-dyeing cotton. First the design is stenciled onto the cloth with charcoal. Then, alum and iron mordants are applied to the cloth using a kalam (a bamboo pen). Mordants are chemicals that react with dyes to change their shade and make them fast. The cotton is then submerged in a dye bath of chay root, a natural red dye from the Coromandel Coast. The chay reacts with the alum mordant to produce red, and with the iron mordant to produce black. More alum mordant is applied, and the cloth dipped in successive chay dye baths to add different shades of red to new areas. Once all the desired red shades have been acheived, the whole cloth is covered in beeswax excepting those areas that are to be dyed blue. Then the cloth is dipped into an indigo dye bath. The wax resists the dye, and protects the rest of the cloth. Once the wax has been removed, yellow dye can be applied directly over top of the blue areas to produce green. \r\n\r\nMaking chintz involves many additional stages in which the cloth is pre-treated, washed and bleached in between each colour. Chintz makers from the Coromandel Coast were particularly admired for the brilliance of their colours and the delicacy of their designs.","physicalDescription":"Eight cotton swatch process samples illustrating the stages of chintz production using the motif of a vase of flowers.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"cotton (textile)","id":"AAT14067"},{"text":"mordant","id":"AAT15299"},{"text":"chay","id":"AAT13596"},{"text":"indigo","id":"AAT13055"},{"text":"wax","id":"AAT14585"}],"techniques":[{"text":"dyeing","id":"AAT53053"},{"text":"mordanting","id":"AAT133548"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Cotton, mordant- and resist-dyed using alum, iron, chay root, wax, indigo and possibly turmeric ","categories":[{"text":"Textiles","id":"THES48885"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006AH4583","2006AH4584","2006AH4585","2006AH4198","2006AH4182","2006AH4180","2007BP6594","2007BP4000","2007BP3997","2006AH4181"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304343"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}],[{"text":"Process sample","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Coromandel Coast","id":"x32021"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"South-east India","id":"THES282933"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c.1919","earliest":"1914-01-01","latest":"1923-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by W.S. Hadaway, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"49.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"42","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"19","unit":"in","qualifier":"approx","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"16","unit":"in","qualifier":"approx.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"673","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"window mat","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"560","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"window mat","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"5","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"window mat"}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Gift of Mr W.S. Hadaway of the Madras School of Art. Register entry: 'Eight specimens of Cotton Fabrics (mounted in wood panels), showing the process of painting and dyeing textile fabrics, involving the use of a wax-resist, as practised in India, and elsewhere, in the 18th century. / Each (approximately) L. 19 in., W. 16 in. \r\n\r\nT.1. Shoawing the pattern to be drawn pounced on the cloth and a small portion of it outlined in black dye \r\nT.1A. Shows the pattern outlined in black and red; the red lines being only coloured alum mordant for red dye \r\nT.1B. Shows the first dyeing in red \r\nT.1C. Shows the cloth dyed red a second time for light red and purple and partially bleached \r\nT.1D. Shows some portion covered with wax prepatory to dyeing blue. \r\nT.1E. Shows the cloth cleared of the wax after it has been dyed with indigo \r\nT.1F. Shows <strike>the cloth</strike><i> </i>in addition the yellow dye and the whole work completely finished.\nT.1G. Shows the (8) several dyes used. \n\nThe above information has been copied from labels attached to the specimens. \r\n \r\nPrice: Gift\nRegister no. T.1 to G - 1920\r\nFrom whom received: W.S. Hadaway, Esq., of the Madras School of Art per G.P. Baker, Esq. \nDate of Receipt: 25th July 1919 \nAuthority for acceptance: Director's on R.P 1919/3780\n\nGeneral Remarks: 'I am very glad if the specimens illustrating the decorating of cotton, handed over to you by Mr [G.P.] Baker are of interest. I had them prepared for Mr Baker's book on the subject [Calico painting and printing in the the East Indies in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries, 1921] and I believe they show in all essentials the old processes which are still in use in a few centres in India.' From Mr Hadaway's letter of 7 Aug 1919.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Eight process samples illustrating various stages in chintz production, South-east India (Coromandel Coast), c.1919","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Swallow, Deborah and John Guy eds. <font u>Arts of India: 1550-1900</font u>. text by Rosemary Crill, John Guy, Veronica Murphy, Susan Stronge and Deborah Swallow. London : V&A Publications, 1990. 240 p., ill. ISBN 1851770224"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Crill, Rosemary <font u>Chintz: Indian Textiles for the West</font u>. London: V&A Publications, 2008. p.12-13 "},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Crill, Rosemary ed. <font u>The Fabric of India</font u>. Text by Rosemary Crill, Steven Cohen and Divia Patel. London: V&A Publications, 2015. p. 48-49, ill."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"vase","id":"AAT132254"},{"text":"flowers","id":"AAT132399"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["T.1-1920","T.1A-1920","T.1B-1920","T.1C-1920","T.1D-1920","T.1E-1920","T.1F-1920","T.1G-1920"],"accessionNumberNum":"1","accessionNumberPrefix":"T","accessionYear":1920,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Specimen [1]","Specimen [2]","Specimen [3]","Specimen [4]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-11-28","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":false}}