{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O452408"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O452408/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JF4797/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JF4797/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JF4797","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O452408/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O452408","accessionNumber":"IS.2367-1883","objectType":"Window panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This piece was collected by Caspar Purdon Clarke, special commissioner for the South Kensington Museum – the forerunner of today’s Victoria and Albert Museum.  It was selected as an example of pinjra or lattice work.  An object such as this one would once have been used as a window panel, and as a ventilator, maintaining both privacy and sufficient light.\r\n\r\nTypically made from shisham wood, pinjra work involves a high level of skill on the part of the wood carver.  A pinjra can consist of up to 2000 pieces of wood which are dowelled together within a frame, without the use of any glue or adhesive.  The technique is durable and the work of the finest carpenter is demonstrated when the lattice work can stand alone, even if the frame were to be damaged.  \r\n\r\nSir George Watt, Director of the 1903 Indian Art Exhibition in Delhi, remarked ‘there is in fact as much skill and artistic feeling required in designing and making a pinjra panel as carving or inlaying’.  \r\n","physicalDescription":"Window panel, wood, openwork geometrical design within a carved frame","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Shisham wood","id":"x35060"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Pinjra","id":"THES274030"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Shisham wood is from the deciduous tree of the sub-Himalayan tract.  It is a durable wood, which does not warp or split and is one of the most esteemed woods used for furniture making in the north of India along with deodar (Himalayan cedar).  While Rosewood and sal are more commonly found furniture and wares of the south, inlaid and wood carving from Saharanpur, Farakhabad, Lucknow, Chiniot, Hoshiapur and Jallandar would be based on shisham wood.","categories":[{"text":"Woodwork","id":"THES48877"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2016JF4797"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"005","id":"THES368895"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Window panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Chiniot","id":"x35426"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. 1881-2","earliest":"1876-01-01","latest":"1885-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"485","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"336","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"34","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"A window panel from Chiniot, Panjab, made from shisham wood, using a technique known as 'pinjra'.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Bryant, Julius and Weber, Susan; John Lockwood Kipling: Arts and Crafts in the Punjab and London Newhaven: Yale University Press, 2017","id":"AUTH353890"},"details":"fig. 9.44, cat. 182, p. 239, an dp. 542, cat. 182","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.2367-1883"],"accessionNumberNum":"2367","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1883,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-07-13","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":true}}