{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O434120"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O434120/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FG8040/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FG8040/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2012FG8040","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2012FG8031","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2012FG8032","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KX3725","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O434120/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O434120","accessionNumber":"IS.4-1958","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Asthasahasrika Prajnaparamita","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Folio from an Asthasahasrika  Prajnaparamita manuscript, in gouache and ink on palm leaf.\r\nText commencing: Namo Bhagavatyai Aryaprajnaparamitayai - then Rahulabhadra's Hymn (Conze Buddhist Texts No 142) until: ca vadinam (verse 11) tvam eva trasa-jana-. The verso is blank.\r\n\r\nLeft: The Bodhisattva Samantabhadra attended by Tara or perhaps Avalokitesvara (yellow), seated on a pink lotus seat with hands in anjali mudra and the dwarf, Acharya Vajrapani (blue) with third eye and wearing a tiger skin. Samatabhadra is coloured green (representing compassion) and holds a blue lotus in his left hand. He sits on a white lotus seat in maharajalilasana.\r\n\r\nCentre: Amitabha, the celestial Buddha of Infinite Light, seated on a pink lotus throne in dhyana, his characteristic mudra. He is attended by the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (yellow complexion) on his left and Manjusri (white) on his right. The Buddha is coloured red and wears a yellow robe.\r\n\r\nRight: The Bodhisattva Maitreya (the future Buddha) seated on a blue Naga (half elephant, half snake monster) in lalitasana with hands in dharmachakramudra as a teacher. His audience consists of Avalokitesvara (yellow) with hands in anjalimudra on his left and Hayagriva (red) wearing a tiger skin on his right, both on white lotus seats, Maitreya is coloured yellow.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"palm leaf","id":"AAT11894"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"gouache","id":"AAT70114"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted on palm leaf, in gouache and ink","categories":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Illustration","id":"THES48938"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Pala Period","id":"x32276"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2012FG8040","2012FG8031","2012FG8032","2018KX3725"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"011","id":"THES406569"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Painting","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Bengal","id":"x30825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1112","earliest":"1107-01-01","latest":"1116-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"52","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"9.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"58.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"0.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"From the E Vredenburg collection.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Manuscript, Asthasahasrika Prajnaparamita, palm leaf, painted, Bengal, ca. 1112","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E Vredenburg: 'The Continuity of Pictorial Tradition in the Art of India', Rupam No 1, Calcutta, 1920, figures 1 & 2\r\n\r\nLosty, J P in Bautze-Picron, C (ed): 'Essays in Honour of James C Harle', New Delhi, 1990, pp 189-200\r\nBussagli, Mario: 'La Miniatura Indiana', Milan, 1966, plates 1 & 2"},{"reference":{"text":"The art of the book in India / by Jeremiah P. Losty. London: British Library, London, c1982 Number: 0904654788 :","id":"AUTH339290"},"details":"p. 32, cat. no.6, ill. pl. 1.","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF THE ASHTASAHASRIKA PRAJNAPARAMITA SUTRA\r\nOpaque watercolour and ink on palm leaf. Bengal, c. 1112\r\nABOVE: THE BUDDHA AMITABHA AND\r\nTWO BODHISATTVAS\r\nIS.4-1958\r\nThe ‘Perfection of Wisdom in 8000 Lines’ is an\r\nimportant Mahayana Buddhist scripture. Udaya\r\nSinha, a householder, commissioned this\r\nmanuscript of the sacred text for a monastery for\r\nthe benefit of the souls of his parents.\r\nAmitabha (centre) is the celestial Buddha of\r\ninfinite light. On the left is the bodhisattva\r\nSamantabhadra, whose originally green colour\r\nrepresents compassion. The bodhisattva Maitreya\r\n(right) is the future Buddha. Bodhisattvas postpone\r\ntheir full enlightenment and nirvana to help others\r\nachieve salvation.\r\n","date":{"text":"27/9/2013","earliest":"2013-09-27","latest":"2013-09-27"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.4-1958"],"accessionNumberNum":"4","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1958,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"Folio 1","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-05","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":false}}