{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O434118"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O434118/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KX3725/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KX3725/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KX3725","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O434118/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O434118","accessionNumber":"IS.6-1958","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Folio from an Asthasahasrika  Prajnaparamita manuscript, in gouache and ink on palm leaf.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"palm leaf","id":"AAT11894"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"gouache","id":"AAT70114"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in gouache and ink on palm leaf","categories":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Illustration","id":"THES48938"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Pala Period","id":"x32276"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2018KX3725"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"011","id":"THES406569"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Bengal","id":"x30825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1112","earliest":"1107-01-01","latest":"1116-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"54","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"9.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"58.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"0.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Acquired from Mr T Harris, 39 Westmark Point, Roehampton, London SW15, England","historicalContext":"From the E Vredenburg collection","briefDescription":"Manuscript, Asthasahasrika Prajnaparamita, palm leaf, painted, Bengal, ca. 1112","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E Vredenburg: 'The Continuity of Pictorial Tradition in the Art of India', Rupam No 1, Calcutta, 1920, figure 5\r\nLosty, J P: 'The Art of the Book in India', p32\r\nLosty, J P in Bautze-Picron, C (ed): 'Essays in Honour of James C Harle', New Delhi, 1990, pp 189-200\r\nBussagli, Mario: 'La Miniatura Indiana', Milan, 1966, plates 1 & 2\r\nBhaattacharya: 'Buddhist Iconography', p9\r\nGordon, A K: 'The Iconography of Tietan Lamaism', p62"}],"production":"India","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"PAGE FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF THE ASHTASAHASRIKA PRAJNAPARAMITA SUTRA: THE BUDDHA VAJRASATTVA (CENTRE) AND THE BODHISATTVAS VAJRAPANI (LEFT) AND AKASHAGARBHA (RIGHT)\r\nOpaque watercolour and ink on palm leaf\r\nBengal, c. 1112\r\nIS.6-1958\r\nThe Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra (Perfection of Wisdom in 8000 Verses) is an important Mahayana Buddhist scripture. Udaya Sinha commissioned this manuscript of the sacred text for a monastery for the benefit of the souls of his parents.\r\nVajrasattva (centre), known as the Diamond Being, is the Adi or primordial Buddha. He holds the vajra – the diamond sceptre or thunderbolt – in his right hand and a bell in the left. He is flanked by bodhisattvas, beings who postpone their full enlightenment to help others achieve enlightenment.\r\nThe paintings were not made to illustrate the text but to protect it from harm and attract blessings. The holes in the palm leaf were used to bind the manuscript with cords. It would originally have been protected by wooden covers.","date":{"text":"01/08/2017","earliest":"2017-08-01","latest":"2017-08-01"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.6-1958"],"accessionNumberNum":"6","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1958,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"Folio 89","aspects":["WHOLE","recto","verso"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-27","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":true}}