{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O41855"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O41855/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GT1618/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GT1618/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GT1618","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JT7357","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O41855/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O41855","accessionNumber":"IM.88-1930","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Radha and Krishna","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"It is spring and bees swarm. On the left Radha, the beloved of the god Krishna (seen on the right), is told about his dalliance with the gopis (cow-girls). \r\n\r\nThe picture is one of a series illustrating the Gita Govinda, which tells the story of Krishna’s youth. This series was commissioned for a lady patron, probably named Malini, in 1730. Manaku was one of an influential family of artists from Guler, also in the Punjab Hills, and the family worked at various courts in the region. His younger brother was the well-known artist Nainsukh.\r\n\r\nIn this painting, iridescent green beetle wing-case fragments were used to represent jewels.","physicalDescription":"Painting,  opaque watercolour, gold and beetle-wing fragments on paper, <i>Gita Govinda</i> illustration, Krishna approached by Radha and companion. Radha sits beneath a tree listening to her companion (<i>sakhi</i>) as she turns to watch Krishna at play with the cowgirls (<i>gopi</i>s). Krishna in an orange dhoti stands with three <i>gopi</i>s, his arms around two of them. The other offers him something from a bowl. Trees are shown in the centre and left; the river Jumna is at the bottom. Deep yellow background with mauve rocks, and two pairs of black bees shaped like dragonflies.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Manaku","id":"A23959"},"association":{"text":"designer and maker","id":"x34662"},"note":"Probably"},{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"water-colour","id":"AAT15045"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"beetle-wings","id":"x35093"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour, beetle-wing fragments and gold on paper","categories":[{"text":"Hinduism","id":"THES48941"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Pahari","id":"AAT18997"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GT1618","2017JT7357"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"008","id":"THES403759"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Basohli","id":"x32729"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1730-1735","earliest":"1725-01-01","latest":"1735-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"202","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"with border","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"253","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"147","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"308","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"with border","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bought from Mohamed Hussain\r\n\r\nRawson, Philip S., Hayward Gallery and Arts Council of Great Britain. <u>Tantra. Hayward Gallery, London 30 September-7 November 1971.</u> London, Arts Council of Great Britain, [1971]. p. 35, no. 128.\r\n\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, <i>Gita Govinda</i> illustration, Radha's messenger describes Krishna standing with <i>gopi</i>s, opaque watercolour, gold and beetle-wings on paper, Basohli, ca. 1730-1735","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Indian paintings from the Punjab Hills : a survey and history of Pahari miniature painting / by W. G. Archer ; foreword by Sherman E. Lee. London :Delhi: Sotheby Parke Bernet ;Oxford University Press, 1973 Number: 0856670022","id":"AUTH338527"},"details":"p. 47, cat. no. 18 (v.)","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Goswamy, B.N., and Fischer, Eberhard. 'Pahari Masters: Court Painters of Northern India', Artibus Asiae Publishers Supplementum XXXVIII and Museum Rietberg, Zurich, Switzerland, 1992, 239-266p."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Radha","id":"N1084"},{"text":"Krishna","id":""}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"herders","id":"AAT25615"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"RADHA'S FRIEND DESCRIBES KRISHNA'S DALLIANCE\r\nProbably by Manaku\r\nOpaque water-colour and gold on paper with applied beetle wing-case fragments\r\nPossibly Basohli, Punjab Hills\r\nc. 1730-35\r\n\r\nIM.88-1930\r\n\r\nIt is spring and bees swarm. On the left Radha, the beloved of the god Krishna (seen on the right), is told about his dalliance with the gopis (cow-girls). \r\n\r\nThe picture is one of a series illustrating the Gita Govinda, which tells the story of Krishna's youth. This series was commissioned for a lady patron, probably named Malini, in 1730. Manaku was one of an influential family of artists from Guler, also in the Punjab Hills, and the family worked at various courts in the region.","date":{"text":"06/2008","earliest":"2008-06-01","latest":"2008-06-30"}}],"partNumbers":["IM.88-1930"],"accessionNumberNum":"88","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1930,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-07","recordCreationDate":"2000-07-20","availableToBook":false}}