{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O40855"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O40855/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4564/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BK4564/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BK4564","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O40855/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O40855","accessionNumber":"REPRO.1874-45","objectType":"Tympanum","titles":[{"title":"Christ, St. Godehard and St. Epiphanius","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Tough and durable plaster stucco was used for the original sculpture as it was positioned on the exterior of a church in Hildesheim, Germany. Christ appears between two saints: Godehard, the patron saint of the church, on the right, and another bishop, probably Epiphanius of Pavia, on the left. These figures were part of the tympanum, a semi-circular space positioned over one of the main doors into the church.","physicalDescription":"Plaster cast of a Tympanum depicting Christ who appears between two saints: Godehard, the patron saint of the church, on the right, and another bishop, probably Epiphanius of Pavia, on the left.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Friedrich Küsthardt","id":"AUTH348998"},"association":{"text":"sculptor","id":"x43862"},"note":"Original"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"plaster","id":"AAT14922"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted plaster cast","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Architecture","id":"THES48993"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Plaster Cast","id":"THES270451"},{"text":"Cast Courts","id":"THES280650"},{"text":"Architectural fittings","id":"THES48994"},{"text":"Copies and Facsimiles","id":"THES253072"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2006BK4564"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"46A (VA)","id":"THES49799"},"free":"","case":"WS","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Copy of a Tympanum","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Hildesheim","id":"x32623"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Copy"},{"place":{"text":"Hildesheim","id":"x32623"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Original"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1874","earliest":"1869-01-01","latest":"1878-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Copy"},{"date":{"text":"1200-10","earliest":"1200-01-01","latest":"1210-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Original"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"107","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"213.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Cast of a Tympanum created in Hildesheim, Germany by Friedrich Küsthardt about 1874, and purchased from F. Künsthardt in 1874 for £9. The cast is of  the figures of Christ, Saint Godehard and probably Epiphanius of Pavia, which was sculpted by an unknown artist in Hildesheim about 1200-10 and was positioned on the exterior of St Godehard Chruch in Hildesheim (above the north nave door).","historicalContext":"Making plaster copies is a centuries-old tradition that reached the height of its popularity during the 19th century. The V&A's casts are of large-scale architectural and sculptural works as well as small scale, jewelled book covers and ivory plaques, these last known as fictile ivories. \r\n\r\nThe Museum commissioned casts directly from makers and acquired others in exchange. Oronzio Lelli, of Florence was a key overseas supplier while, in London, Giovanni Franchi and Domenico Brucciani upheld a strong Italian tradition as highly-skilled mould-makers, or formatori.\r\n\r\nSome casts are highly accurate depictions of original works, whilst others are more selective, replicating the outer surface of the original work, rather than its whole structure. Like a photograph, they record the moment the cast was taken: alterations, repairs and the wear and tear of age are all reproduced in the copies. The plasters can also be re-worked, so that their appearance differs slightly from the original from which they were taken.\r\n\r\nTo make a plaster cast, a negative mould has to be taken of the original object. The initial mould could be made from one of several ways. A flexible mould could be made by mixing wax with gutta-percha, a rubbery latex product taken from tropical trees. These two substances formed a mould that had a slightly elastic quality, so that it could easily be removed from the original object. Moulds were also made from gelatine, plaster or clay, and could then be used to create a plaster mould to use for casting. \r\nWhen mixed with water, plaster can be poured into a prepared mould, allowed to set, and can be removed to produce a finished solid form. The moulds are coated with a separating or paring agent to prevent the newly poured plaster sticking to them. The smooth liquid state and slight expansion while setting allowed the quick drying plaster to infill even the most intricate contours of a mould. \r\nFlatter, smaller objects in low relief usually require only one mould to cast the object. For more complex objects, with a raised surface, the mould would have to be made from a number of sections, known as piece-moulds. These pieces are held together in the so-called mother-mould, in order to create a mould of the whole object. Once the object has been cast from this mother-mould, the piece-moulds can be easily removed one by one, to create a cast of the three-dimensional object.","briefDescription":"Plaster cast of a Tympanum made by Friedrich Küsthardt about 1874 and depicting the figures of Christ, Saint Godehard and probably Epiphanius of Pavia. The original was sculpted by an unknown artist about 1200-10.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Copy","id":"THES48865"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"tympana","id":"AAT2736"},{"text":"figures (representations)","id":"AAT189808"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"2. Cast of\r\nUnknown artist\r\nTympanum\r\nAbout 1200–10\n\nTough and durable plaster stucco was used for the original sculpture as it was positioned on the exterior of a church in Hildesheim, Germany. Christ appears between two saints: Godehard, the patron saint of the church, on the right, and another bishop, probably Epiphanius of Pavia, on the left. These figures were part of the tympanum, a semi-circular space positioned over one of the main doors into the church.\n\nCast\r\nFriedrich Küsthardt\r\nAbout 1874\r\nPainted plaster\r\nHildesheim, Germany\r\nMuseum no. Repro.1874-45\n\nOriginal\r\nStucco\r\nHildesheim, Germany\r\nSt Godehard, Hildesheim (above the north nave door)","date":{"text":"04/07/2018","earliest":"2018-07-04","latest":"2018-07-04"}}],"partNumbers":["REPRO.1874-45"],"accessionNumberNum":"45","accessionNumberPrefix":"REPRO","accessionYear":1874,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2017KK8892","2017KK8873"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-22","recordCreationDate":"2000-06-26","availableToBook":false}}