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Such a picure aimed to help local Buddhists to visualise during meditation the ten realms of reality (ten DHARMADHĀTUs, or shi fajie in Chinese) according to Buddhist cosmology. Clockwise from the top are the realms of buddhas, bodhisattvas, solitary buddhas (S. pratyeka buddha), disciples (S. śrāvaka), divinities (S. deva), demigods (S. asura), humans (S. manuṣya;), animals (S. tiryak), ghosts (S. preta) and hell denizens (S. nāraka). The first four groups are enlightened beings (sisheng in Chinese), and those in the remaining six categories are destined to be reborn endlessly. An early example of the composition is recorded to be by Tiantai-school monk Zunshi (964-1032).","physicalDescription":"Woodblock print with a mind-visualisation the ten realms of reality.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Hoi Tong Monastery","id":"AUTH350744"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x28702"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"printing","id":"AAT53319"},{"text":"block printing","id":"AAT53289"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Print from woodblock","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2006BF3813"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"013","id":"THES394139"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Woodblock print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Guangzhou","id":"x32464"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1821","earliest":"1821-01-01","latest":"1821-12-31"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":"Qing dynasty"}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"109","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"43","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Print, ‘A Mind-Visualisation of the Ten Realms’, woodblock print, China, Guangzhou, Qing dynasty, 1821","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"佛法界","id":"CIT0283526"},{"text":"菩薩法界","id":"CIT0283527"},{"text":"緣覺法界","id":"CIT0283528"},{"text":"聲聞法界","id":"CIT0283529"},{"text":"天法界","id":"CIT286485"},{"text":"人法界","id":"CIT286486"},{"text":"阿修羅法界","id":"CIT286487"},{"text":"畜牲法界","id":"CIT286488"},{"text":"餓鬼法界","id":"CIT286489"},{"text":"地獄法界","id":"CIT286490"},{"text":"佛","id":"CIT280971"},{"text":"觀音","id":"CIT281067"},{"text":"羅漢","id":"CIT281302"},{"text":"天 (天龍八部)","id":"CIT286482"},{"text":"僧人","id":"CIT281551"},{"text":"阿修羅","id":"CIT286466"},{"text":"人類","id":"CIT286959"},{"text":"動物","id":"CIT284436"},{"text":"魂魄","id":"CIT284977"},{"text":"鬼卒","id":"CIT0292618"},{"text":"六道","id":"CIT286483"},{"text":"背光","id":"CIT288888"},{"text":"肉髻","id":"CIT0288701"},{"text":"白毫","id":"CIT0288631"},{"text":"轉法輪印","id":"CIT286346"},{"text":"降魔坐","id":"CIT0288602"},{"text":"袍","id":"CIT289580"},{"text":"腰巾","id":"CIT0292296"},{"text":"蓮座","id":"CIT281341"},{"text":"寶座","id":"CIT284934"},{"text":"寶光","id":"CIT281119"},{"text":"祥雲","id":"CIT280093"},{"text":"巾","id":"CIT0292168"},{"text":"波浪","id":"CIT284907"},{"text":"禪坐","id":"CIT281699"},{"text":"坐墊","id":"CIT284961"},{"text":"石","id":"CIT280041"},{"text":"書籍","id":"CIT286101"},{"text":"罐","id":"CIT284857"},{"text":"冠","id":"CIT281574"},{"text":"朝笏","id":"CIT284879"},{"text":"旛 (鹵簿)","id":"CIT290209"},{"text":"童僕","id":"CIT288197"},{"text":"雙抓髻","id":"CIT0292149"},{"text":"袈裟","id":"CIT286413"},{"text":"合掌","id":"CIT0288640"},{"text":"頂禮","id":"CIT281082"},{"text":"槍","id":"CIT290201"},{"text":"劍","id":"CIT284863"},{"text":"珠寶","id":"CIT284494"},{"text":"甲胄","id":"CIT288618"},{"text":"鐲","id":"CIT285619"},{"text":"官員","id":"CIT281795"},{"text":"女人","id":"CIT288763"},{"text":"童子","id":"CIT276927"},{"text":"盲人","id":"CIT288648"},{"text":"乞丐","id":"CIT291122"},{"text":"鳳凰","id":"CIT284304"},{"text":"鳥 (一般)","id":"CIT290142"},{"text":"牛","id":"CIT279783"},{"text":"雞","id":"CIT283974"},{"text":"鴨 (一般)","id":"CIT287586"},{"text":"馬","id":"CIT284229"},{"text":"羊","id":"CIT280435"},{"text":"豬 (科)","id":"CIT283736"},{"text":"犬","id":"CIT279800"},{"text":"魚 (一般)","id":"CIT287627"},{"text":"蝦","id":"CIT283657"},{"text":"龜鱉 (目)","id":"CIT287529"},{"text":"蟹","id":"CIT283691"},{"text":"藻","id":"CIT284272"},{"text":"酷刑","id":"CIT0284127"},{"text":"戟","id":"CIT281989"},{"text":"狼牙棒","id":"CIT0292164"},{"text":"牛頭鬼","id":"CIT0292619"},{"text":"業","id":"CIT0293072"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.2738-1921"],"accessionNumberNum":"2738","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1921,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-04","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-25","availableToBook":true}}