{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O40498"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O40498/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EL5451/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EL5451/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EL5451","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2023NR0143","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O40498","accessionNumber":"E.856-2000","objectType":"Drawing","titles":[{"title":"Venice","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Katerina Wilczynski (1894-1978) was born in Poland and worked in Germany. She worked as a painter, illustrator and etcher. While she produced portraits and cityscapes she mainly worked as a landscape artist. \r\n\r\nThis drawing in pen and india ink represents the four bronze horses of St. Mark, which are placed at the top of St. Mark's Basilica. These horses date back to Classical Antiquity. For a long period of their history they were displayed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. In 1204 Doge Enrico Dandolo (1107?-1205) sent the horses back to Venice as part of the look sacked from Constantinople. They were installed on the Basilica in about 1254. The installation of these horses on the relgious centre of Venice, St. Mark's, made them a symbol of the power of this city state. This sense of dominance is conveyed in the viewpoint of the drawing, looking up at the horses, who stand triumphantly raising their right front legs. The use of india ink conveys the strong contours of these sculpted forms against the ornate architectural backdrop.","physicalDescription":"Pen and indian ink sketch of the bronze horses above the doorway of the Basilica di San Marco, Venice","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Wilczynski, Katerina","id":"A3928"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Pen and indian ink","categories":[{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2010EL5451","2023NR0143"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLH","id":"THES49654"},"free":"","case":"WD","shelf":"87","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1952","earliest":"1952-01-01","latest":"1952-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr. Theodore E. Alexander","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"48.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"34.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Venezia","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"indian ink","method":"","position":"Front, top right","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"picture title","note":"picture title; Front, top right; indian ink"},{"content":"Wilc 52","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"indian ink","method":"","position":"Front, bottom left","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Signature; date","note":"Signature; date; Front, bottom left; indian ink"},{"content":"18","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"pencil","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Unknown","note":"Unknown; pencil"}],"objectHistory":"This was part of a group of drawings given by the artist to Mrs & Mrs Theodore E. Alexander","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Pen and indian ink sketch of the bronze horses above the doorway of the Basilica di San Marco, Venice,  by Katerina Wilczynski","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Basilica di San Marco","id":"x32927"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Given by Theodore E. Alexander ARIBA (AADipl.)","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["E.856-2000"],"accessionNumberNum":"856","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2000,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-22","recordCreationDate":"2000-06-16","availableToBook":false}}