{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O40491"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O40491/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EL5444/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EL5444/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EL5444","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2023NR0145","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O40491","accessionNumber":"E.849-2000","objectType":"Drawing","titles":[{"title":"Venezia","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Katerina Wilczynski (1894-1978) was born in Poland and worked in Germany. She worked as a painter, illustrator and etcher. While she produced portraits and cityscapes she mainly worked as a landscape artist. \r\n\r\nThis drawing in pen and india ink represents the four bronze horses of St. Mark, which are placed at the top of St. Mark's Basilica. These horses date back to Classical Antiquity. For a long period of their history they were displayed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. In 1204 Doge Enrico Dandolo (1107?-1205) sent the horses back to Venice as part of the look sacked from Constantinople. They were installed on the Basilica in about 1254. The installation of these horses on the relgious centre of Venice, St. Mark's, made them a symbol of the power of this city state. This sense of dominance is conveyed in the viewpoint of the drawing. We look up at the horses, who stand triumphantly raising their right front legs. The top of the head of the foreground horse is cropped conveying their size and large presence. The use of india ink conveys the strong contours of these sculpted forms against the ornate architectural backdrop.","physicalDescription":"Rough pen and indian ink sketch of the bronze horses above the doorway of the Basilica di San Marco, Venice, mouted on card.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Wilczynski, Katerina","id":"A3928"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Indian ink","id":"x32680"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"card","id":""}],"techniques":[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"pen and indian ink","categories":[{"text":"Drawings","id":"THES48966"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2010EL5444","2023NR0145"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLH","id":"THES49654"},"free":"","case":"WD","shelf":"87","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"drawing","id":"x32498"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1934","earliest":"1934-01-01","latest":"1934-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mr. Theodore E. Alexander","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"36.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"51.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Wilc  23/6/34","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"indian ink","method":"","position":"Front, bottom right","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Signature; date","note":"Signature; date; Front, bottom right; indian ink"},{"content":"Venezia","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"indian ink","method":"","position":"Front, bottom right","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"picture title","note":"picture title; Front, bottom right; indian ink"}],"objectHistory":"This was part of a group of drawings given by the artist to Mrs & Mrs Theodore E. Alexander","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Pen and ink drawing of Venice by Katerina Wilczynski, a rapid sketch of the bronze horses above the doorway of the Basilica di San Marco, Venice.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Basilica di San Marco","id":"x32927"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Given by Theodore E. Alexander ARIBA (AADipl.)","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["E.849-2000"],"accessionNumberNum":"849","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2000,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-22","recordCreationDate":"2000-06-16","availableToBook":false}}