{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O40213"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O40213/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EE3708/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EE3708/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EE3708","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EE3706","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O40213/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O40213","accessionNumber":"IM.12-1931","objectType":"Manuscript page","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The Kalpasutra (Book of Rituals) is the most important canonical text in Jain literature for the Svetambaras (white-clad), one of the two sects of Jainism.  Jainism is one of the oldest religions to have survived until the present time and its basic teaching is one of non-violence.  The Kalpasutra is divided into three sections.   The first section deals with the lives of the twenty-four Jinas or Tirthankaras, who were the Jain spiritual teachers or 'ford-makers'.  The second part deals with the life of Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Tirthankara.  The third part deals with rules for the ascetics and laws during the four months (chaturmas) of the rainy season, when ascetics temporarily abandon their wandering life and settle down amidst the laity. This is the time when the festival of Paryushan is celebrated and the Kalpasutra is traditionally recited.\r\nIn this page, on the left a Tirthankara or Jina, having attained the degree of a Kevalin (Omniscient) is seated within the triple-walled enclosure or Samavasarana which had prepared by the god Shakra. He delivers a religious discourse on the law to gods, men and animals. On the right is a preaching scene with one monk teaching another in the presence of the Laity. \r\nThe Kalpasutra text became particularly associated with this opulent blue and gold colour scheme during the mid 15th century.","physicalDescription":"Painting, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, page from a <i>Kalpasutra</i> manuscript with a double picture. On the left, a Tirthankara or Jina, having attained the degree of a Kevalin (Omniscient) is seated within the triple-walled enclosure or Samavasarana. He delivers a religious discourse on the law to gods, men and animals. On the right, is a preaching scene with one monk teaching another in the presence of the Laity. There are two small sections of text between the illustrations and a red medallion with a blue surround in the centre. On the reverse is text only with three medallions in red with a blue border, and the number 89. The text is handwritten in gold Nandinagari characters on a red ground with blue edgings. The illustrations are in gold, blue, black and green on a dark red background.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper","categories":[{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Jain","id":"THES49013"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2010EE3708","2010EE3706"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"009","id":"THES403546"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT33618"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gujarat","id":"x29825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"second half 15th century","earliest":"1450-01-01","latest":"1499-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Painting, <i>Kalpasutra</i> page, double picture, a <i>jina</i>, possibly Neminatha, in Samavasarana, monks teaching, Gujarat, second half 15th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Balbir, N. et al, 'Catalogue of the Jain Manuscripts of the British Library including the holdings of the British Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum'. London, British Library and Institute of Jainology, 2006. Vol 1, pp.38-39, Vol 2, pp.124-125."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"Double picture: on the left, a Tirthankara or Jina, having attained the degree of a Kevalin (Omniscient) is seated within the triple-walled enclosure or Samavasarana. He delivers a religious discourse on the law to gods, men and animals. On the right, is a preaching scene with one monk teaching another in the presence of the Laity.","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"deity","id":"x31373"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"SCENES FROM THE LIFE OF MAHAVIRA\r\nGouache, ink and gold on paper\r\nGujarat\r\nSecond half of the 15th century\r\n\r\nIM 12-1931\r\n\r\nThese two scenes are from a manuscript of the Kalpasutra or ‘Book of Ritual’, the major canonical Jain work. On the left of the page, Mahavira, the founder of the Jain faith, is shown preaching in an enclosure; on the right he is shown discoursing with an ascetic. The Kalpasutra text became particularly associated with this opulent blue and gold colour scheme during the mid 15th century.","date":{"text":"1993","earliest":"1993-01-01","latest":"1993-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["IM.12-1931"],"accessionNumberNum":"12","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1931,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-07","recordCreationDate":"2000-06-05","availableToBook":false}}