{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O3967"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O3967/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JW5698/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JW5698/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017JW5698","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O3967/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O3967","accessionNumber":"C.282-1936","objectType":"Beaker (krautstrunk)","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The so called 'Krautstrunk' [Cabbage stalk], is a glass beaker with applied foot and a decoration consisting of prunts. These prunts have been applied during the blowing process, as small blobs of hot glass, which the glassmaker pulled out with the aid of a pair of pincers, to form a regular pattern of pointed protrusions. These prunts have an obvious decorative purpose, but they also provided a good grip, when the glass was handled with greasy hands during dinner. \r\nThe krautstrunk was one of the most popular types of drinking glasses in central Europe, during the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century.\r\nThis type of glass always has a distinctive green colour, which is caused by natural impurities of iron-oxide in the raw materials. This type of green glass was made across central Europe in itinerant workshops located in the woods. The trees provided the wood to stoke the glass furnaces, while plant ash was used as one of the key ingredients of the glass. Once a substantial area of the forest was cleared of its trees and undergrowth, the whole glasshouse would move to a new location.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"decorated with applied prunts","categories":[],"styles":[{"text":"EUROPE","id":"AAT20656"},{"text":"WALDGLAS","id":"x29322"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2017JW5698"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"131","id":"THES49882"},"free":"","case":"14","shelf":"1","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Beaker","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Rhineland","id":"x29098"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"early 16th century","earliest":"1500-01-01","latest":"1550-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Wilfred Buckley Collection","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"8.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"The so called 'Krautstrunk' [Cabbage stalk], is a glass beaker with applied foot and a decoration consisting of prunts. These prunts have been applied during the blowing process, as small blobs of hot glass, which the glassmaker pulled out with the aid of a pair of pincers, to form a regular pattern of pointed protrusions. These prunts have an obvious decorative purpose, but they also provided a good grip, when the glass was handled with greasy hands during dinner. \r\nThe krautstrunk was one of the most popular types of drinking glasses in central Europe, during the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century.\r\nThis type of glass always has a distinctive green colour, which is caused by natural impurities of iron-oxide in the raw materials. This type of green glass was made across central Europe in itinerant workshops located in the woods. The trees provided the wood to stoke the glass furnaces, while plant ash was used as one of the key ingredients of the glass. Once a substantial area of the forest was cleared of its trees and undergrowth, the whole glasshouse would move to a new location.","briefDescription":"Beaker (Krautstrunk), Germany, probably Rhineland, 1400-1550","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. European glass - Drahotova; Basel catalogue; Leeds 1961 exhib. cat. no. 32"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"The Krautstrunk ('cabbage stalk') is the forerunner of the Roemer.  It has a cup-shaped mouth curving out from above a barrel shaped beaker with prunts.  They were made from the 14th century.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["C.282-1936"],"accessionNumberNum":"282","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1936,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Glass gallery number","id":"THES50491"},"number":"8689"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-22","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}