{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O39381"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O39381/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EH1985/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EH1985/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EH1985","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O39381/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O39381","accessionNumber":"FE.22-1984","objectType":"Ring (huan)","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"A flat circular slab of jade with a large central hole is referred to as a 'huan'. It was a ceremonial object in ancient times, although how it was used exactly is unknown.","physicalDescription":"Variegated green. A circular Bi ring of pale green nephrite jade, pierced centrally with a circular hole. The outer and inner rims have a a lightly raised beading on both sides. Both sides are worked with 8 bands of incised curls in low relief. The flat outer edge has remains of tooling marks at one point. Both sides carved with comma (grain) pattern all over.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Nephrite jade, carved","categories":[{"text":"Ceremonial objects","id":"THES48981"},{"text":"Hardstone","id":"THES270137"}],"styles":[{"text":"Warring States","id":"AAT18378"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2010EH1985"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"44 (VA)","id":"THES49802"},"free":"","case":"CA010","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Ring (huan)","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"China","id":"x29398"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"400 BC-200 BC","earliest":"-0400-01-01","latest":"-0200-01-01"},"association":{"text":"made","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"21","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Whole object","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Hole","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"0.55","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Hole","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Cunliffe collection, Garner collection previously on loan to V&A","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Grain pattern; Scu, China, carving, jade","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Jessica Rawson, 'The Surface Decoration of the Jades of the Chou and Han Dynasties', Oriental Art N.S, 21.1, (1975), 36-55."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bluett and Sons Ltd. Early Chinese Art, Cunliffe Collection, London, 1973, No.85, pl. XVI."},{"reference":{"text":"Rawson, Jessica and Ayers, John. <i>Chinese Jade throughout the Ages</i>, London : Oriental Ceramics Society, 1975","id":"AUTH354782"},"details":"no.92","free":""}],"production":"The fact that the spirals align in a cross-grid has been shown by Jessica Rawson to point to an origin in the Chu culture area, and to a date not before the late 5th Century BC.  The large size also points to a southern origin.  A particularly close parallel with this example, cited by Rawson, is from Yangzishan, Sichuan (published KGXB 1956.4).  Lawton argues that the precise decoration of these Warring States jades shows a shift of emphasis from ritual function to secular luxury.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"圓渦紋","id":"CIT281692"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Ring with grain design \r\nEastern Zhou dynasty \r\n400-220 BC \r\n\r\nCarved nephrite jade\r\n\r\nFrom the Garner collection\r\nMuseum no. FE.22-1984","date":{"text":"2007","earliest":"2007-01-01","latest":"2007-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["FE.22-1984"],"accessionNumberNum":"22","accessionNumberPrefix":"FE","accessionYear":1984,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-08","recordCreationDate":"2000-05-09","availableToBook":false}}