{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O373624"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O373624/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2183/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF2183/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BF2183","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O373624/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O373624","accessionNumber":"57:1 to 5-1890","objectType":"Chancel screen","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The screen is now painted black, and seems already to have been black on its acquisition in 1890. However scientific analysis by the Museum in the 1980s has revealed  numbers of underlying paint layers in blue, with gilding. It seems likely that it was originally blue with gilding, a colour scheme favoured in the 17th century for ironwork.","physicalDescription":"Upper part of a Chancel screen, wrought iron. Probably made by Johann Reifell in c.1646 for the Cathedral in Constance, Switzerland. The screen comprising scrolling floral motifs with winged figures, balusters and archway, originally painted in light blue and gold. The use of flat balusters and especially arcades to obtain the effects of perspective is a characteristic novelty of Reifell's work. Further examples are still in Constance Cathedral, and in the graveyard at Kostel, Moravia.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Reifell, Johann","id":"A34650"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":"probably"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"wrought iron","id":"AAT11012"},{"text":"Pigment","id":"AAT13109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"hammering","id":"AAT54098"},{"text":"painting (coating)","id":"AAT161986"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Wrought iron, painted","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Architectural fittings","id":"THES48994"},{"text":"Ironwork","id":"THES251837"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006BF2183"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"114D","id":"THES49911"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"114D","id":"THES49911"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"114D","id":"THES49911"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"114D","id":"THES49911"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"114D","id":"THES49911"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Screen","id":""}],[{"text":"Screen","id":""}],[{"text":"Screen","id":""}],[{"text":"Screen","id":""}],[{"text":"Screen","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Switzerland","id":"x29199"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1646","earliest":"1641-01-01","latest":"1650-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"3.7","unit":"m","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"3.8","unit":"m","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"The screen is now painted black, and seems already to have been black on its acquisition in 1890. However scientific analysis by the Museum in the 1980s has revealed  numbers of underlying paint layers in blue, with gilding. It seems likely that it was originally blue with gilding, a colour scheme favoured in the 17th century for ironwork.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Chancel screen, wrought iron, Switzerland, ca. 1646","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Gardner, John Starkie. <u>Ironwork. Part 2: Continental ironwork of the renaissance and later periods</u>. London, 1896.","id":"AUTH316068"},"details":"p.30, pl.10","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Campbell, Marian. <u>An Introduction to Ironwork</u>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1985. 48 p., ill. ISBN 0112904157","id":"AUTH316061"},"details":"pp.10-11, fig.7","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"M.Campbell, 'Decorative Ironwork', V&A Publishing, London, 1997, p. 20, fig. 20"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Encyclopaedia of Ironwork: Examples of hand wrought iron from the Middle Ages to the end of the Eighteenth century</u>. 1927. pl.179."},{"reference":{"text":"Höver, Otto. <u>Das Eisenwerk: Die Kunstformen des Schmiedeeisens vom Mittelalter bis zum ausgang des 18 Jahrhunderts</u>. Tubingen, 1961.","id":"AUTH318207"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Baur-Heinhold, Margarete. <u>Schmiedeeisen : Gitter, Tore u. Geländer</u>. München : Callwey, 1977. 176 p., ill. ISBN 3766704079","id":"AUTH316062"},"details":"Fig.224","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Ingram, H. V. Wrought-iron Gates. <u>Country Life</u>. Jan. 20th 1950. pp. 156-157."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hall, Michael. No Barriers to the Imagination. <u>Country Life</u>. Sept. 3rd 1992. pp.54-55."}],"production":"The association with the maker Johann Reifell and the attribution to Constance Cathedral was made by J. Starkie Gardner.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"PART OF CHANCEL SCREEN\r\nWrought iron,\r\nSwitzerland, c. 1646\r\n\r\nThis screen is from Constance Cathedral, Lucerne. Although painted black it was originally painted blue with gilding. \r\n\r\nMuseum No. 57:1 to 4-1890\r\n","date":{"text":"05/02/2025","earliest":"2025-02-05","latest":"2025-02-05"}},{"text":"PART OF A CHANCEL SCREEN\nWrought iron\nSwitzerland; c.1646\n\nFrom Constance Cathedral, Lucerne, by John Russell. The imitation in flat iron balusters and arcades especially to obtain the effects of perspective is a characteristic novelty of his work. Further examples are still to be seen in Constance Cathedral and in the grave-yard at Kostel, Moravia. Later 17th century examples can be found at the Stiftskirche, Ellwangn and at St Ulrich's Church, Augsburg. Traces of paint and gilding.\n\nMuseum No. 57-1890","date":{"text":"07/1994","earliest":"1994-07-01","latest":"1994-07-31"}},{"text":"PART OF A CHANCEL SCREEN\r\nWrought iron\r\nSwitzerland; about 1646, \r\nProbably made by Johann Reifell\r\n\r\nA study of the paint layers on this church screen, probably designed for Constance Cathedral in Switzerland, showed that it was once painted light blue and gold. The pattern of receding columns has created dramatic perspective effects.\r\n\r\nMuseum No. 57:1-5-1890\r\n","date":{"text":"02/08/2013","earliest":"2013-08-02","latest":"2013-08-02"}}],"partNumbers":["57:1-1890","57:2-1890","57:3-1890","57:4-1890","57:5-1890"],"accessionNumberNum":"57","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1890,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Screen [1]","Screen [2]","Screen [3]","Screen [4]","Screen [5]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":false}}