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It is inscribed with Latin proverbs in praise of music and the soundboard is painted with flowers, a characteristic of keyboard instruments made in Antwerp during the 16th and 17th centuries. The case is carved in the exuberant Northern European Renaissance style, which owed more to grotesque than strictly classical ornament. This virginal was exhibited at the Exposition national belge in Brussels in 1880, and was acquired by this museum in 1896.\r\n","physicalDescription":"\"The case is of walnut, in sarcophagus form resting on four small turned and carved feet, possibly replacements at a later date. .... The case is carved [on the outside] in relief with trophies of arms and of musical instruments in a decidedly Italinate manner. In the centre [on the inside] above the keyboard.there is a cartouche on which is carved a nude figure holding a viola da gamba. Above the keyboard and on the sides of the lid are fine strapwork compositions. The one on the [outside of the] lid frames the arms of William, Duke of Cleves, Berg and Jülich (1516-1592) .... The interior of the lid is decorated on a blue ground with gold strapwork ... In the centre is a medallion depicting Orpheus charming the wild beasts. The soundboard, presumably of spruce, is painted in gouache with flopwers in the earliest identifiable painting style used on Flemish harpsichords .... the rose, now unfortunately missing, measured about 70 mm in diameter.\" - Howard Schott: <i>Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum - Part I: Keyboard instruments.</i>  (London, 1998), pp. 26-27.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"Made","id":"x28690"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"walnut","id":"AAT12476"},{"text":"spruce","id":"AAT12726"},{"text":"gold leaf","id":"x33207"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved walnut case; painted and gilded inside of the lid; painted sprunce soundboard.","categories":[{"text":"Musical instruments","id":"THES48919"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2010EL6376","2010EL6375","2010EL6374","2010EL6373","2010EL6372","2010EL6371","2010EL6369","2010EL6368","2010EL6367","2010EL6366","2010EL6365","2010EL6364","2013GU7160","2013GU7162","2013GU7163","2013GU7184","2013GU7187","2010EL6370","2013GU7161","2010EC7879","2010EC7878","2010EC7877","2011EP4561","2011EP4560","2011EP4466","2011EP4465","2011EP4464","2011EP4463","2011EP4462","2011EP4461","2011EP4460","2011EP4459","2010EC7880","2010EC7876","2006BD3149","2017KB2997","2018KP2913"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LDHRN","id":"THES49081"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"006","id":"THES302809"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES302635"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Virginal","id":""}],[{"text":"Key","id":""}],[{"text":"Fragments of wood","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Flanders","id":"x36939"},"association":{"text":"Made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1568","earliest":"1568-01-01","latest":"1568-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"27.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"163","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"56.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"47","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Weighed in store on 10/04/13","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"MVSICA DISPARIVM DULCIS CONCORDIA and PELLO LEVO PLACO TRISTIA CORDA DEOS","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"'Music the seet harmony of unequal [notes]' and 'I drive, I lighten I placate the sad strings and the Gods'.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inscrption on the inside of the lid."},{"content":"MUSICA NUNC DIGNAS HABITET SVA PROIMIA LAVRUS/ NITIT HONORE SVAS PRETIO SVPERATQUE SORORES PRORSVS ET IMMENSVM PROPELLIT LVMINA CORDI.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Let Music now live in worthy halls and its reward, the laurel wreath, shine with honour and prevail utterly over her sister [muses], and bring forth the light with a string.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Written on the inside of the keyboard flap."},{"content":"LAUDATE DOMINUM IN CHORDIS ET IN ORGANO.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Praise the Lord with the Strings and the Organ","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Written along the front of the base of the instrument."},{"content":"LAUS DEO","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Praise [be] to God","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Along the bse on the left and right side of the instrument."},{"content":"OMNIS SPIRITVS LAVDET DOMINVS [sic] 1568","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Let every spirit praise the Lord.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Written along the base of the isntrument at the back."},{"content":"MUSICA TURBATOS SENSUS ANIMOSQUE REMOVET","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Music removes disturbed senses and moods.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inscribed on the jack-rail."}],"objectHistory":"These virginals were displayed at the Exposition Nationale Belge in 1880, when it belonged to Antonin Terme, a collector based in Liège. He sold it to this museum for £793 - 9 - 11d in 1896.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Rectangular virginals with carved partly gilded walnut case, with arms of Duke Wilhelm of Cleves (1516-1592); Flemish, 1568.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Howard Schott: <i>Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum - Part I: Keyboard instruments.</i> (London, 1998), pp. 26-27."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Raymond Russell: Victoria and Albert Museum Catalogue of Musical Instruments. Volume I. Keyboard Instruments. (London, 1968), pp. 40-41."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Camille de Rodaz: <i>l'art ancien à l'Exposition nationale belge</i> (Brussels, 1882), p. 304."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"'Renaissance am Rhine', exhibition catalogue (LVR LandesMuseum, Bonn (16th Dept 2010 - 6th  Feb 2011), no. 212, pp.346-7"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Anthony Wells-Cole, <i>Art and Decoration in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. The Influence of Continental Prints</i> (London and New Haven, Yale University Press, a997), p. 53 and note 67. "}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"VIRGINAL\r\nFlemish, dated 1568\r\nWalnut with carved, painted and gilt decoration, with Latin inscriptions in praise of Music. The instrument much altered.\r\nOn the lid of the case are the arms of William, Duke of Cleves, Berg and Julich (1516-1592). The carving is derived in part from prints by Jakob Floris, <i>Veelderhande Cierlycke compertementen</i>, Antwerp 1564 (see photograph). The case of this virginal is derived from Italian chests; when playing it would  have been set on a table.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}}],"partNumbers":["447:1-1896","447:2-1896","447:3-1896"],"accessionNumberNum":"447","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1896,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Virginal","Key"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":false}}