{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O3557"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O3557/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM9469/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM9469/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM9469","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB7820","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O3557/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O3557","accessionNumber":"C.233-1912","objectType":"Drinking glass","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>By about 1700 the perfected English 'baluster' glass had arrived. These plain glasses, strongly constructed and made from lustrous lead glass, could be adapted to almost any size, from small 'dram' glasses to huge ceremonial goblets with covers.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>Glassmakers found that English lead glass, perfected by George Ravenscroft (1632-1681) in the 1670s, was slow to cool and therefore difficult to manipulate into fancy shapes. No frills or ornament of any sort were added to this glass.<br><br><b>Time</b><br>The development of lead glass in the late 17th century finally broke the British dependence on imports from Venice. The new heavy material suited British taste so completely that by 1700 the influence from George Ravenscroft's London-based Italian glass workers had disappeared. Instead, a limited range of finely proportioned glasses and decanters were made in London, where the glass industry was then centred. It was to be some years before immigrant German glass cutters began to extend their craft from mirrors to drinking glasses.","physicalDescription":"Foot: folded; Stem: baluster; Knop: ball; Bowl: round funnel","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lead glass, with baluster stem","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"}],"styles":[{"text":"BRITAIN","id":"AAT111159"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM9469","2017KB7820"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"56D","id":"THES49242"},"free":"","case":"CA13","shelf":"","box":"27"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Glass","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1700-1710","earliest":"1700-01-01","latest":"1710-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"MA/1/B3275","id":"ARC150917"},"association":"Archive record"}],"creditLine":"Given by Francis Buckley, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"8.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 11/01/1999 by sp/nh","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Probably made in London","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Drinking glass, England, 1690-1710","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"F Buckley, English Baluster-stemmed Glass of the 17th and 18th Century (1912) fig.7."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nLEAD GLASS<br>\nBy the end of the 17th century, imports from Venice had ceased and many English glasshouses were making a range of sturdy table glass in the perfected lead glass. Although the qualities of this new glass were fully appreciated, it was to be some time before the technique of glass cutting was applied with spectacular success to table glass and light fittings.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["C.233-1912"],"accessionNumberNum":"233","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1912,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2026PL7500","2026PL7499","2019LP4832","2019LP3259","2019LV6711"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-03-26","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}