{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O341803"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O341803/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010DG8553/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010DG8553/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010DG8553","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010DG8554","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JW2874","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O341803/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O341803","accessionNumber":"C.417-1926","objectType":"Bottle","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In 1710 Meissen, near Dresden in eastern Germany, became the first European factory to make ‘true’ porcelain of the type made in East Asia, sometimes known in the West as ‘hard-paste’ porcelain. The discovery was made by an alchemist, Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682-1719), who had been imprisoned by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (1670-1733), and who achieved this working in collaboration with scientists and geologists at the Saxon court in Dresden. The earliest Meissen porcelains were made with kaolin in combination with alabaster, which replaced the china stone (petuntse) used at Jingdezhen; they are a distinctive cream colour and are often known as ‘Böttger porcelain’. \r\n\r\nUntil about 1720 comparatively little ‘Böttger porcelain’ had painted decoration: the factory struggled to master the enamelling technology, and painting in underglaze blue was not achieved until 1717, when a small bowl painted in blue was presented to Augustus the Strong. Instead, most ‘Böttger porcelain’ featured the combination of sparingly applied relief decoration set against large areas of undecorated porcelain, as here. Some time before 1730 the factory changed its formula (eliminating the alabaster), making it whiter and closer to the material made at Jingdezhen. \r\n\r\nThis vessel is based on the shape of a Japanese sake bottle, which was reproduced in both Böttger’s porcelain and his red stoneware or 'Jasper porcelain'; the latter was inspired by Chinese Yixing pottery and had been in production at Meissen since 1710. It would have been intended solely for display. The applied figure decoration is copied from reliefs by the sixteenth-century German medallist Peter Flötner.","physicalDescription":"Bottle of hard-paste porcelain (Böttger porcelain), with creamy paste and glaze. After a Japanese sake bottle model, of square section tapering to a long neck. Low foot, decorated with moulded and applied low reliefs of chrysanthemum sprays, a viola-playing woman after a plaquette attributed to Peter Flötner (1493-1576); and a striding amorini with raised arms.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Meissen porcelain factory","id":"A9173"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"hard paste porcelain","id":"AAT10663"}],"techniques":[{"text":"moulded","id":"AAT53134"},{"text":"applied work","id":"AAT53646"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Hard-paste porcelain (Böttger porcelain) with moulded and applied decoration in relief","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Porcelain","id":"THES48907"}],"styles":[{"text":"Böttger","id":"AAT176953"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2010DG8553","2010DG8554","2017JW2874"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"7","id":"THES263054"},"free":"","case":"CA15","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Bottle","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Meissen","id":"x35076"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1715-1720","earliest":"1715-01-01","latest":"1720-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Mrs Macdonell","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"185","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"25.04.2012","earliest":"2012-04-25","latest":"2012-04-25"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"115","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"25.04.2012","earliest":"2012-04-25","latest":"2012-04-25"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured by Conservation","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Bottle, hard-paste porcelain (Böttger porcelain) with moulded and applied decoration in relief, made by Meissen porcelain factory, Germany, 1715-1720.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Honey, W. B. <u>Dresden china: an introduction to the study of Meissen porcelain.</u> London: A. & C. Black, 1946, Pl. VII (a), p. 57."},{"reference":{"text":"Passion for Porcelain: masterpieces of ceramics from the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.","id":"AUTH321139"},"details":"pp.180-181","free":""}],"production":"Attribution from the manuscript catalogue dates from about 1970 and was compiled by William Hutton of the Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"amorini","id":"x43072"},{"text":"women","id":"AAT25943"},{"text":"chrysanthemums","id":"x30170"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.417-1926"],"accessionNumberNum":"417","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1926,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN6538","2019LR2864","2019LU9082","2019LU0148","2019LT8544"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":false}}