{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O340271"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O340271/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EA2533/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EA2533/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EA2533","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O340271/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O340271","accessionNumber":"934-1876","objectType":"Kalian","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The designs on Safavid lustreware are purely Iranian, and owe nothing to Chinese designs, so prevalent in underglaze blue painted wares. Potters revived a three-hundred year old Iranian decorative technique in the second half of the Seventeenth century. However, the sources for the designs are found in contemporary manuscript illuminations, some dated about 1675. \n\nThis ceramic vessel is the base of water-pipe for smoking tobacco, known as a \"kalian\". The fashion for smoking tobacco in Iran became fashionable in the 17th century. This base contained water and was fitted with two long metal pipes, one to a cup holding burning tobacco and the other a mouthpiece; the smoke from the tobacco was drawn through the water to cool it. These are also known as hookah, huqqa, qalian, qalyan qaliyan, narghile, shisha and hubble-bubble.\n","physicalDescription":"Water-pipe (kalian) or sprinkler base, fritware, of globular shape, the neck damaged, covered in a cobalt blue ground, glazed and overglaze painted in metallic ruby lustre with birds in trees under palmette and split-palmette borders.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Fritware","id":"x29419"},{"text":"lustre","id":"x29389"}],"techniques":[{"text":"glazed","id":"AAT53914"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Fritware, underglaze and lustre decoration","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Earthenware","id":"THES48964"}],"styles":[{"text":"Safavid","id":"AAT21712"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MES","id":"THES48607"},"images":["2010EA2533"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"137 (VA)","id":"THES49876"},"free":"","case":"31","shelf":"6","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Kalian","id":""}],[{"text":"Water-pipe","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Iran","id":"x30220"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1650-1700","earliest":"1645-01-01","latest":"1700-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"16.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Neck missing, body rivetted.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Kalian (water-pipe base), fritware, cobalt blue ground, glazed, overglaze painted in ruby-coloured lustre; Iran, 1650-1700.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"birds","id":"x35043"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Kalian, of blue-glazed earthenware, Iran, 15th century or 16th century","date":{"text":"1876","earliest":"1876-01-01","latest":"1876-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["934-1876"],"accessionNumberNum":"934","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1876,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":false}}