{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O33898"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O33898/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT1095/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT1095/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BT1095","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1098","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1097","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1094","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1093","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1092","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1091","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT1090","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GM3253","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O33898/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O33898","accessionNumber":"M.60:1&:2-1947","objectType":"Sword","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This is an early example of a small sword. The hilt bears the mark of a goldsmith and is elaborately decorated with enamel and gold wire. Later blades were often mass-produced but this one has been cut down from a prized Toledo rapier blade of around 1620.\r\n\r\nFrom around 1640, light swords with short, flexible, pointed blades appeared in response to new fencing techniques that emphasised thrusting at speed. They were worn increasingly with civilian clothes as ‘small swords’, offering a means of self-defence but largely denoting status for the well-dressed gentleman.\r\n\r\nSmall swords were items of male jewellery. By the 1750s, their elaborate gold and silver hilts, mounted with precious stones and fine enamelling, were the products of the goldsmith and jeweller rather than the swordsmith. They made fitting rewards for distinguished military and naval service. With their blades tucked away inside scabbards, it was their ostentatious and expensive hilts that carried their thrust.","physicalDescription":"The hilt is enamelled gold, the blade inscribed 'Francisco (Ru)iz en Toleto' with a maker's mark of Joannes Kalkoen of Amsterdam.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Kalkoen, Joannes","id":"A3456"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"steel","id":"AAT133751"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"enamelled","id":"x30139"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Steel and enamelled gold","categories":[{"text":"ELISE","id":"THES48961"},{"text":"Arms & Armour","id":"THES48992"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BT1095","2008BT1098","2008BT1097","2008BT1094","2008BT1093","2008BT1092","2008BT1091","2008BT1090","2013GM3253"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"91M (VA)","id":"THES49137"},"free":"","case":"80","shelf":"1","box":""},{"current":{"text":"91M (VA)","id":"THES49137"},"free":"","case":"80","shelf":"1","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Sword","id":""}],[{"text":"Small sword","id":""}],[{"text":"Sheath","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Amsterdam","id":"x28722"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca.1670","earliest":"1665-01-01","latest":"1674-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Francis Mallett","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"68.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"blade","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"15","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"hilt","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"89","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"9.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"6.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"mark","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"Kalkoen","id":"A3456"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Maker's mark","note":"Maker's mark; Kalkoen of Amsterdam"},{"content":"inscribed 'Francisco (Ru)iz en Toleto'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"The blade"}],"objectHistory":"This is an early example of a small sword. The hilt bears the mark of a goldsmith and is elaborately decorated with enamel and gold wire. Later blades were often mass-produced but this one has been cut down from a prized Toledo rapier blade of around 1620.","historicalContext":"From around 1640, light swords with short, flexible, pointed blades appeared in response to new fencing techniques that emphasised thrusting at speed. They were worn increasingly with civilian clothes as ‘small swords’, offering a means of self-defence but largely denoting status for the well-dressed gentleman.\r\n\r\nSmall swords were items of male jewellery. By the 1750s, their elaborate gold and silver hilts, mounted with precious stones and fine enamelling, were the products of the goldsmith and jeweller rather than the swordsmith. They made fitting rewards for distinguished military and naval service. With their blades tucked away inside scabbards, it was their ostentatious and expensive hilts that carried their thrust.","briefDescription":"Small sword and sheath, Dutch (Amsterdam), ca.1670","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hayward, J.F. <u>Swords and Daggers</u>. London: HMSO, 1963"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.60:2-1947","M.60:1-1947"],"accessionNumberNum":"60","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1947,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Sheath","Sword"],"assets":["2019LN4319","2019LT7218","2019LT4826","2019LX0795","2019LW5236","2019LV8846"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2000-03-15","availableToBook":false}}