{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O3223"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O3223/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6969/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM6969/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM6969","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O3223/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O3223","accessionNumber":"C.191-1983","objectType":"Flower trough","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This flower trough was one of many types of press-moulded glass container that were cheaply made and became widely available and popular in the 19th century. <br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The technique of press-moulding glass with the aid of a hand-operated machine was first perfected in the USA in the early 1820s. It took only two men to shape a measured quantity of hot glass in a heated metal mould. They simply depressed a lever that lowered a metal plunger into the glass, forcing it into the patterned mould. By the 1830s this method had spread to Britain and continental Europe, giving rise to stylistic changes in glass and revolutionising the availability of glassware. The technique made the mid-to-late 19th century the first real period of true mass production. In the 1890s the introduction of steam-powered presses improved the product while cutting costs even further.<br><br><b>Colours</b><br>In 1889 George Davidson patented a new production method for two new colours of glass under the names of 'Primrose Pearline' and 'Blue Pearline'. The novelty of this extremely popular 'Pearline' glass was that the colour of each piece varies from clear at the bottom to opaque at the top.<br><br><b>People</b><br>This flower trough was made by George Davidson & Co., Teams Glass Works, at Gateshead-on-Tyne, Tyne and Wear. Founded in 1867, they soon became one of the most famous and prolific manufacturers of press-moulded glass in Britain.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"George Davidson & Co.","id":"A9106"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Press-moulded glass","categories":[{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"},{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"}],"styles":[{"text":"VICTORIAN","id":"x29321"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM6969"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"125B (VA)","id":"THES49893"},"free":"","case":"CA2","shelf":"","box":"15"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Flower trough","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gateshead","id":"x28869"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1893","earliest":"1893-01-01","latest":"1893-12-31"},"association":{"text":"design registered","id":"x29997"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of M. J Franklin","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"6.0","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"4.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"15.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 07/07/1999 by Terry","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Registration number for 25/5/1893","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Registration number","note":"Registration number"}],"objectHistory":"Manufactured by George Davidson & Co, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Flower trough, England (Gateshead-on-Tyne), made by Geo. Davidson & Co., Teams Glass Works, 1893-1910, C.191-1983  .","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"British Galleries:\nGLASS FOR FRUIT AND FLOWERS<br>\nDecorative baskets and troughs in clear or coloured glass, pierced silver or ceramics were filled with fruit or contained floral displays as part of a table setting. Glass troughs were sold for as little as 2s 6d (12.5p). 'They are either filled with wet sand or water, depending on the length of the stalks of the flowers to be placed in them'. Sand supported flowers with short stalks.","date":{"text":"27/03/2003","earliest":"2003-03-27","latest":"2003-03-27"}}],"partNumbers":["C.191-1983"],"accessionNumberNum":"191","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1983,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Glass gallery number","id":"THES50491"},"number":"0876"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LR0283","2019LR5972","2019LT8971"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-22","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}