{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O312003"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O312003/"}},"images":null,"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O312003","accessionNumber":"7846-1861","objectType":"Mortar","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The word ‘mortar’ comes from the Latin ‘mortarium’, meaning ‘to bite’. Objects like mortars were produced in a variety of materials and were, with their pestles, the primary means of grinding substances before the industrial revolution. Metal mortars were particularly effective for harder substances. During the 16th century when these mortars were made they would have been used in cooking and making medicines, cosmetics and other potions. They were found in hospitals, pharmacies and households (which also often produced their own remedies); in artist’s studios (for grinding colours) and in the alchemist’s workshop (for producing powders for use in experiments). The poisonous nature of some metals was known even in antiquity, and using substances ground in metal mortars was therefore potentially dangerous. However, probably due to their effectiveness, metal mortars continued to be used until powdered grinding machines took over. Of course non-metal mortars (notably ceramics, marble and wood) are still widely used.\r\n","physicalDescription":"This bell-shaped mortar with two handles is ornamented in relief with a frieze of dancing cupids and handles of busts with scroll ends. It has a projecting moulded rim with recessed lip and moulded bowl and foot.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"bronze","id":"AAT10957"}],"techniques":[{"text":"relief","id":"AAT53622"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Leaded bronze ornamented in relief","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Bronze","id":"THES49033"},{"text":"Food vessels & Tableware","id":"THES48952"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":[],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES399639"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Mortar","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Italian","id":"x28927"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1550-1600","earliest":"1545-01-01","latest":"1600-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"20.95","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"27.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bought, £5.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Mortar, bronze, Italy, ca. 1550-1600","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Inventory of Art Objects Acquired in the Year 1861. <u>In</u>: <u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I</u>. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 26"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Motture, Peta. <u>Bells & Mortars. Catalogue of the Italian Bronzes in the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London, 2001, pp. 206-7, cat.no. 75"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"ornament","id":"AAT56258"},{"text":"scroll","id":"x44680"},{"text":"cupids","id":"x37689"},{"text":"putti","id":"AAT250465"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["7846-1861"],"accessionNumberNum":"7846","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1861,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-12","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":true}}