{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O307594"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O307594/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM9418/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2007BM9418/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2007BM9418","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O307594/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O307594","accessionNumber":"427-1878","objectType":"Kalian","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This ceramic vessel is the base of water-pipe for smoking tobacco, known as a \"kalian\". The fashion for smoking tobacco in Iran became fashionable in the 17th century. This base contained water and was fitted with two long metal pipes, one to a cup holding burning tobacco and the other a mouthpiece; the smoke from the tobacco was drawn through the water to cool it. These are also known as hookah, huqqa, qalian, qalyan qaliyan, narghile, shisha and hubble-bubble.","physicalDescription":"Kalian (water-pipe base), fritware, decorated around the body with continuous pattern of scrolling leaves in blue.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"fritware","id":"x29419"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Fritware, painted in underglaze cobalt blue","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Smoking accessories","id":"THES49036"}],"styles":[{"text":"Safavid","id":"AAT21712"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MES","id":"THES48607"},"images":["2007BM9418"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"137 (VA)","id":"THES49876"},"free":"","case":"A1","shelf":"2","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Kalian, or hookah base","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Iran","id":"x30220"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Kerman (city)","id":"x32855"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1650-1700","earliest":"1650-01-01","latest":"1700-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"28.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"19.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Kalian (water-pipe base), decorated around the body with continuous pattern of scrolling leaves in cobalt blue; Iran, 1650-1700.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Crowe, Yolande. Persia and China. Safavid blue and white ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum 1501-1738. London: Thames & Hudson, 2002. ISBN 0-9538196-1-2"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"scrolling foliage","id":"AAT165387"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["427-1878"],"accessionNumberNum":"427","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1878,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":false}}