{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O271868"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O271868/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JJ1726/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JJ1726/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JJ1726","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JJ1725","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JJ1727","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O271868/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O271868","accessionNumber":"216-1903","objectType":"Spoon","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The records of the London goldsmiths' Garrard for 1760 include customer orders for spoons and forks which are described as 'turn'd back'. This is almost certainly a reference to pieces like this, in which the finial turns back or down so that they can be laid on the table with the bowl or tines uppermost (as we would set them on the table today). Turned back finials are unlike the French patterns which English goldsmiths imitated during the second half of the eighteenth century, and consequently this distinctive style has come to be known as 'Old English'. The decoration cut round the edge of the spoon is now referred to as 'feather edge', but in eighteenth century account books this feature is described as 'laurelling'.\nThe marks punched on the back of this spoon stem include one to show that the goldsmith who submitted the spoon had paid duty on the wrought silver. Duty was first imposed on silver that had been fashioned or worked in the UK in June 1720. The tax was repealed in 1758 but was reinstated in 1784. The duty mark on this spoon, an incuse mark of the head of the reigning monarch, King George III, was only in use in London for the period between 1st December 1784 and May 1786. After this date, the representation of the monarch's head changed and the mark was stamped as a cameo. This change appears to have come about to minimise damage to the silver article that was being stamped. Provincial assay offices such as Edinburgh and Exeter used the incuse punch a little longer, until 31 December 1786.","physicalDescription":"Silver, old English pattern with a bright cut edge and double drop","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Bateman, Hester","id":"A10629"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"forging (metal forming)","id":"AAT54033"},{"text":"engraving (incising)","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver, forged and engraved","categories":[{"text":"Eating","id":"THES48963"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Tableware & cutlery","id":"THES48888"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2016JJ1726","2016JJ1725","2016JJ1727"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"007","id":"THES408922"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Spoon","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1785-1786","earliest":"1785-05-29","latest":"1786-05-28"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of J.H. Fitzhenry","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"21.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"10/03/2016","earliest":"2016-03-10","latest":"2016-03-10"},"part":"Tip of bowl to tip of finial","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"60.6","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"10/03/2016","earliest":"2016-03-10","latest":"2016-03-10"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"On back of stem, L to R towards finial: incuse duty mark for 1785-6; date letter 'k' for assay year 1785-6; lion passant, the sterling silver standard mark; leopard's head crowned, mark of the London assay office; maker's mark of Hester Bateman","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Silver, English, London, 1785-86; mark of Hester Bateman","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Grimwade, Arthur G.. <u>London Goldsmiths 1697-1837. Their Marks and Lives</u>. 1st  edn. London: Faber and Faber, 1976."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pickford, Ian. <u>Silver Flatware. English, Irish and Scottish 1660-1980</u>. Woodbridge,  Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1983. ISBN 0907462359"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Dove, Anthony. Plate duty. Its origins, marks and variations. <u>Silver Studies: The Journal of the Silver Society</u>, 22 (2007), 105-114."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Dove, Anthony B.L.. The duty mark and stub. <u>The Finial, the Journal of the Silver Spoon Club of Great Britain</u>, 11.1 (August-September 2000)"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["216-1903"],"accessionNumberNum":"216","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1903,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-06-09","recordCreationDate":"2009-06-24","availableToBook":true}}