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The original golly was a central character in a series of books published between 1895 and 1909. Bertha Upton (1849–1912) wrote the books and her daughter, Florence Kate Upton (1873–1922), illustrated them. They based the character ‘Golliwogg’ (as it was originally spelled) on a doll Florence owned as a child growing up in 1880s America. The appearance and clothing of the doll (see B.493-1997) is based on the ‘blackface minstrel’ figure, a 19th-century racial caricature of African Americans. Blackface minstrel shows were performed by white actors and singers, who parodied African Americans by darkening their skins with shoe polish or burnt cork. These portrayals perpetuated many negative stereotypes and were steeped in racism. The shows originated in the USA, with the first widely known blackface character, ‘Jim Crow’, appearing around 1830. Soon after it became popular in the UK, which developed its own blackface traditions.\r\n\r\nFlorence moved to the UK in the 1890s, where the Uptons’ books became very popular. Their Golliwogg character was not copyrighted, allowing multiple representations of the golly to enter the public domain. The character featured in British toys, games, textiles, ceramics and children’s books, and was used as a mascot by the food manufacturer, Robertson’s, from about 1910. From the 1980s the character’s popularity began to wane as campaigners fought against the racist stereotypes that the golly represented. Robertson’s continued to promote the figure as part of a British ‘national tradition’ until 2001, when they stopped using the golly in their branding. 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Each player puts his cards in a pile face down in front of him and the players are not allowed to look at their cards.\nThe dealer or the player to his left turns over the top card of his pile, and the next player does likewise and so on around the players until any player sees that the cards on the top of any two face-up piles are the same.  \nThe first player to shout SNAP when there are matching cards collects both of these and puts them face down on the bottom of his pile.  Players now continue to turn the cards over as before, beginning with the player to the left of the last one to turn over.\nSNAP POOL, if two players shout `snap' together, the matching cards are put face up in a pool in the centre.  Players then continue to turn over cards, and the pool is won by the first player to shout Snap Pool when the twop card of any player's pile matches the top card in the pool.\nWhen a player runs out of face down cards he simply turns over his face up cards when it is his next turn.\nPENALTY, there are different rules for when a player calls `snap' in error:-\n1.  the player gives one card from his face down pile to each of the other players\n2.  the player's face down pile is put into the central pool to be won like an ordinary snap pool.    \n\nThe game is generally played with forfeits, and the rules are simple enough for young children to enjoy playing.  The cards are dealt equally among the players, face down and the dealer starts by turning over his or her top card to reveal an illustration.  The next player to the left does likewise and, if that card matches the first, he or she `snaps' the first player, who pays a forfeit by giving up one counter.\n\nShould the third player also have a similar card, he or she `snaps'  the second player, who then has to pay a double forfeit by giving up two counters.  The game continues until all the players but one have lost their forfeits and that remaining player is declared the winner.  The game may be played without the forefeits.\n\nEASY SNAP\nThis version is particularly suitable for very young children.  Instead of having individual face up piles, each player plays his cards into a central face up pile.  Players shout  SNAP when the top two cards are of the same value.\nSPEED SNAP\nIn this faster version of the game, players still turn their cards up one at a time but all players do so together.","briefDescription":"Card Game, 'Snap', published by Chad Valley, card with lithography, England, ca. 1925-1935","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["MISC.868:1-1986","MISC.868:2-1986","MISC.868:3-1986","MISC.868:4-1986","MISC.868:5-1986","MISC.868:6-1986","MISC.868:7-1986","MISC.868:8-1986","MISC.868:9-1986","MISC.868:10-1986","MISC.868:11-1986","MISC.868:12-1986","MISC.868:13-1986","MISC.868:14-1986","MISC.868:15-1986","MISC.868:16-1986","MISC.868:17-1986","MISC.868:18-1986","MISC.868:19-1986","MISC.868:20-1986","MISC.868:21-1986","MISC.868:22-1986","MISC.868:23-1986","MISC.868:24-1986","MISC.868:25-1986","MISC.868:26-1986","MISC.868:27-1986","MISC.868:28-1986","MISC.868:29-1986","MISC.868:30-1986","MISC.868:31-1986","MISC.868:32-1986","MISC.868:33-1986","MISC.868:34-1986","MISC.868:35-1986","MISC.868:36-1986","MISC.868:37-1986","MISC.868:38-1986","MISC.868:39-1986","MISC.868:40-1986","MISC.868:41-1986","MISC.868:42-1986","MISC.868:43-1986","MISC.868:44-1986","MISC.868:45-1986","MISC.868:46-1986","MISC.868:47-1986","MISC.868:48-1986","MISC.868:49-1986","MISC.868:50-1986","MISC.868:51-1986","MISC.868:52-1986","MISC.868:53-1986","MISC.868:54-1986","MISC.868:55-1986","MISC.868:56-1986","MISC.868:57-1986","MISC.868:58-1986","MISC.868:59-1986","MISC.868:60-1986"],"accessionNumberNum":"868","accessionNumberPrefix":"MISC","accessionYear":1986,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","Card [1]","Card [2]","Card [3]","Card [4]","Card [5]","Card [6]","Card [7]","Card [8]","Card [9]","Card [10]","Card [11]","Card [12]","Card [13]","Card [14]","Card [15]","Card [16]","Card [17]","Card [18]","Card [19]","Card [20]","Card [21]","Card [22]","Card [23]","Card [24]","Card [25]","Card [26]","Card [27]","Card [28]","Card [29]","Card [30]","Card [31]","Card [32]","Card [33]","Card [34]","Card [35]","Card [36]","Card [37]","Card [38]","Card [39]","Card [40]","Card [41]","Card [42]","Card [43]","Card [44]","Card [45]","Card [46]","Card [47]","Card [48]","Card [49]","Card [50]","Card [51]","Card [52]","Card [53]","Card [54]","Card [55]","Card [56]","Card [57]","Card [58]","Card [59]","Card [60]"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2000-03-04","availableToBook":false}}