{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O26328"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O26328/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU4227/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AU4227/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AU4227","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O26328/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O26328","accessionNumber":"E.1784-1954","objectType":"Board game","titles":[{"title":"The Circle of Knowledge, A New Game of the Wonders of Nature, Science and Art","type":"manufacturer's title"}],"summaryDescription":"The playing surface is divided into four concentric circles, three of which contain 16 pictures each. The inner ring illustrates the signs of the Zodiac and the four cardinal points of the compass. The 16 pictures of the outer ring each have a title, relating to two other pictures on the two inner rings. These are Europe, Asia, Africa and America; Earth, Air, Fire and Water; Electricity, Chemistry, Optics and Astronomy; Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. Some of the illustrations are quite unusual--fire, for example, is illustrated by a volcano, a burning farm and a pit explosion, and optics is represented by a giant telescope, a magic lantern show and the perspective through a tunnel.","physicalDescription":"Design: engraving, coloured by hand; 16 sections mounted on linen; 64 pictures\nNo. of squares: 64\nSquares illustrated: all\nSquare numbering: all\nSquares titled: see rules\nSubject of starting square: Europe\nSubject of ending square: ?","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"John Passmore","id":"A11589"},"association":{"text":"publisher","id":"AAT25574"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Linen material","id":"AAT14069"},{"text":"Paper","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"hand-colouring","id":"AAT133555"},{"text":"Engraving","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Hand-coloured engraving, mounted on linen","categories":[{"text":"Games","id":"THES48947"},{"text":"Games (puzzles & board games)","id":"THES274377"},{"text":"Education & Learning","id":"THES252542"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"YVA","id":"THES48593"},"images":["2006AU4227"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"013","id":"THES325115"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"board game","id":"AAT217912"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1845","earliest":"1840-01-01","latest":"1849-12-31"},"association":{"text":"published","id":"x30682"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"62.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"50.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"18","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"cover","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"14.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"cover","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"No rules are available but it is possible that the game was played in a similar manner to the previous games published by E Wallis and J Passmore.\nPassmore was at the Fleet Lane address from about 1840 to 1869; in 1847 he took over Wallis's production.\n\nCGG-Games & Puzzles, 1991","historicalContext":"Rewards: extra turns and forward movement and possibly receipt of counters\nForfeits: missing turns, staying in one place, backwards movement; possibly the payment of counters\nNo. of Players: any\nEquipment required: markers, counters.  For spinning a teetotum or dice would be needed, however, as this is a Passmore game it is possible that a card with numbers and blanks together with the letters all to be cut up was provided as given in the previous couple of games.  In that case the rules were probably similar.\n\nRules:\nThe playing sheet is divided into four concentric circles, three of which contain 16 pictures each.  The inner ring illustrates the signs of the Zodiac and the four cardinal points of the compass.  The sixteen pictures of the outer ring each have a title, which has a connection with the two other pictures of the two inner rings adjoining.\nThese are:\n1,17,33   Europe      5,21,37   Asia          9,25,41   Africa       13,29,45  America\n2,18,34   Earth         6,22,38   Air            10,26,42  Fire         14,30,46  Water\n3,19,35   Electricity   7,23,39  Chemistry   11,27,43  Optics   15,31,47  Astronomy\n4,20,36   Spring       8,24,40   Summer     12,28,44  Autumn  16,32,48  Winter\n\nExamples of the pictures under these main headings are:\nSPRING\n4.  Dancing round a maypole   20.  A Rainbow  36.  Birds feeding their young \nAIR\n6.  A Balloon and a Parachute  22.  A Shipwrecked Sailing Vessel  38.  Windmill\nCHEMISTRY\n7.  Alchemist   23.  Scientific Lecture   39.  Interior of a chemist's shop\nFIRE\n10.  Volcano  26.  Burning Farm   42  Pit Explosion and fire\nOPTICS\n11. Giant Telescope  27.  Perspective of a tunnel   43.  Magic Lantern Show\nAUTUMN\n12.  Harvest Supper   28.  Hop Picking   44.  Pheasant Shooting\n\nPlayers would progress round the game on the spin of a teetotum or the selection of a numbered card.  At each stop, they would be required to describe the events happening in the illustration and it is possible that forfeits and rewards would be given depending on each.  It is possible to given forfeits and rewards to each squares and some are more obvious that others such as a fire or ship wreck go backwards or perhaps start again.\n\n*The illustrations are quite unusual - fire, for example, is illustrated by a volcano, a burning farm and a pit explosion, and optics is represented by a giant telescope, a magic lantern show  and the perspective of a tunnel.\n\nRules placement: possibly in booklet","briefDescription":"Hand coloured educational race game, The Circle of Knowledge, published in England by John Passmore about 1845","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.1784-1954"],"accessionNumberNum":"1784","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1954,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-10-10","recordCreationDate":"2000-03-04","availableToBook":false}}