{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O237496"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O237496/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EC9997/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EC9997/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EC9997","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O237496/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O237496","accessionNumber":"C.942-1924","objectType":"Mug","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The design here ultimately derives from Japanese porcelain. Geometric and floral designs in this distinctive palette of underglaze blue and iron red enamel together with thin gilding were first made by Japanese potters for export to the west during the 1650s, when the East India Companies could not obtain sufficient porcelain from China because of the civil war at the end of the Ming dynasty. They are known in the West as ‘Imari’ patterns, after the port near Arita from which the Japanese originals were shipped to Nagasaki for sale to Chinese and Dutch merchants. In due course Chinese potters adopted Imari designs for export wares for Europe and the Middle East. They were widely imitated in European pottery and porcelain in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, partly because the simplicity of the palette and of the floral designs made them relatively inexpensive and easy to produce. This mug was probably for drinking beer, brewed with barley and hops, or ale, made without the addition of hops. It could also have been used for cider or perry, made from the fermented juice of apples or pears respectively, which were also widely drunk in parts of England. Water was often unsafe to drink in eighteenth century England, and tea, coffee and chocolate were expensive; so the cheap refreshing everyday drink of choice for many was ‘small beer’, which had a low alcoholic content of two or three per cent, and which was consumed throughout the day by men, women and children alike. There were of course also many stronger varieties of beer, such as porter.","physicalDescription":"Mug of soft-paste porcelain, cylindrical, with loop handle. Painted with flowers, bamboo and rocks in red, blue and gold; diaper and floral border in red.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Bow Porcelain Factory","id":"A1505"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"soft paste porcelain","id":"AAT10665"},{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"},{"text":"cobalt oxide","id":"AAT233422"}],"techniques":[{"text":"glazed","id":"AAT53914"},{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},{"text":"gilt","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Soft-paste porcelain, painted in underglaze blue, red enamel and gilt","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Porcelain","id":"THES48907"},{"text":"Drinking","id":"THES48965"},{"text":"Tea, Coffee & Chocolate wares","id":"THES48886"}],"styles":[{"text":"Imari","id":"AAT18595"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2010EC9997"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"139","id":"THES49874"},"free":"","case":"1","shelf":"5","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Mug","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1750-1752","earliest":"1745-01-01","latest":"1754-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by E. F. Broderip, Esq.","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"15.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"11.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Mug, soft-paste porcelain, painted in underglaze blue, red enamel and gilt, Bow Porcelain Factory, England (London), ca. 1750-1752","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Passion for Porcelain: masterpieces of ceramics from the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.","id":"AUTH321139"},"details":"pp.190-191","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"flowers","id":"x35571"},{"text":"rock","id":"AAT11692"},{"text":"bamboo","id":"AAT11873"},{"text":"diaper-work","id":"AAT10144"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.942-1924"],"accessionNumberNum":"942","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1924,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-08","recordCreationDate":"2009-05-29","availableToBook":false}}